Introduction to Antimicrobials

<p>The ability to affect only infecting microorganisms without harming the host (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating confirmed bacterial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakening bacterial cell wall by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ampicillin + sulbactam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with renal disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CI and Vancomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kernicterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions with warfarin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candidiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes loss of potassium from the cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signs of nephrotoxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram positive infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ototoxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit cell wall synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4th Generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cephalosporins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vancomycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GI irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antacids containing aluminum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.

A drug's ability to harm a microorganism without harming the host.

A chemical produced by a microorganism that can harm other microorganisms.

A type of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.

The ability of microorganisms to survive exposure to a drug.

Antibiotics that block the formation of bacterial cell walls.

An antibiotic effective against a limited range of microorganisms.

An enzyme that breaks down some antibiotics like penicillin.

Effective against gram-positive bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Used for infections and surgical prophylaxis.

Broader spectrum than 1st generation. Effective against gram-negative bacteria, certain gram-positive bacteria, and respiratory infections.

Wide spectrum, effective against gram-negative bacteria and can reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Used for serious infections.

The strongest and most effective, easily reaching the CSF. Used for serious, resistant infections.

A powerful antibiotic often used in combination with cilastatin. Effective against a wide range of bacteria, including resistant ones.

A potent antibiotic used for serious gram-positive infections, including those resistant to other antibiotics.

They work by suppressing bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis. Used for a variety of infections, including acne and periodontal disease.

They can cause gastrointestinal irritation, discoloration of teeth and bones, and photosensitivity.

Aminoglycosides bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing protein synthesis in bacteria.

Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity (hearing loss) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage).

Aminoglycosides are contraindicated in patients with renal disease, the elderly, and those with pre-existing hearing loss.

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid, a crucial nutrient for bacterial growth.

TMP/SMZ is effective against various bacterial infections, including UTIs, ear infections, bronchitis, and pneumocystis pneumonia.

Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication.

Ciprofloxacin is used for a wide range of infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, GI tract, urinary tract, bones, skin, and joints.

Metronidazole targets and damages the DNA of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.