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Questions and Answers
What is the principle of cultural relativism primarily focused on?
Which statement best summarizes the idea that no culture is superior to another?
What term describes cultural patterns that strongly oppose widely accepted norms within a society?
What does 'culture shock' refer to?
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What is meant by 'culture lag'?
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Which of the following best describes 'real culture'?
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What concept refers to the cultural patterns widely shared within a society?
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What is cultural diversity an example of?
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What does cultural anthropology primarily focus on?
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How does sociology differ from anthropology?
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What is the main purpose of political science?
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Which of the following best describes the scope of sociology?
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What is a common aspect studied in anthropology?
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What key aspect does political science address?
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What is a primary goal of sociology?
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Which of the following is NOT a focus of political science?
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What is NOT a requirement for a social group?
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Which characteristic is associated with primary groups?
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What is an in-group?
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What distinguishes secondary groups from primary groups?
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What is a reference group primarily based on?
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What is the significance of the Nile in relation to ancient Egyptian civilization?
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Which ancient civilization is known for its rise and fall, leaving behind mysterious ruins?
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What characteristic is NOT a feature of ancient civilizations as described?
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What role did specialization play in the development of civilizations?
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What does Leslie White mean when he states that 'invention is the mother of necessity'?
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How is Mesopotamia sometimes referred to due to its geographical features?
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What is meant by the term 'cultural base'?
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What role do leaders play in societal change?
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What was a significant function of writing in ancient civilizations?
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What system of belief characterized civilized societies in ancient times?
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Which of the following best describes the nature of 'conflict' in society?
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What is a main characteristic of governance in civilized societies?
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According to sociologists, how is society defined?
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What is one of the reasons people live together in a society, according to Ariola?
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What does the term 'socius' translate to in Latin, which is the root of the word society?
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Why is survival mentioned as a reason for societal living?
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Study Notes
Anthropology
- Anthropology is the scientific study of humans and human societies.
- Cultural anthropology focuses on human societies and cultural elements, including subfields like linguistic anthropology which studies language within specific societies.
- The goal of anthropology is to understand human evolution and the diverse forms of human existence over time.
Sociology
- Sociology examines human social relationships and institutions, studying aspects like crime, family, religion, and social class.
- It explores how human actions and consciousness are influenced by cultural and social structures.
- Recognized as a social science, sociology aims to deepen understanding of societal dynamics and human behavior.
Political Science
- Political science explores human interactions and the functioning of states and governments.
- It analyzes power relationships and the competing interests of various groups on a global scale.
- The field's goal is to enhance knowledge about societal progress and improve quality of life within communities and nations.
Understanding Culture and Society
- Society is defined as a group of people sharing a common territory, culture, and sense of belonging.
- The term "society" derives from the Latin "societas," indicating companionship and community.
- Humans live together in societies for survival, emotional connection, and cultural belonging.
- Cultural relativism suggests that one should evaluate behavior based on its cultural context, emphasizing tolerance towards diverse cultures.
Cultural Concepts
- Cultural diversity highlights the variations found in cultural practices, suggesting that all cultures have their value.
- Subcultures represent smaller groups within a larger culture, while countercultures oppose mainstream cultural norms.
- Culture lag refers to a situation where certain cultural aspects do not evolve as quickly as others, creating discrepancies.
- Culture shock describes the disorientation experienced when navigating unfamiliar cultural environments.
Features of Civilizations
- Civilized societies are characterized by urban centers, advanced governance, organized religion, and specialized roles e.g., artisans and merchants.
- Writing systems support knowledge preservation and organization, crucial for administrative functions.
- Trade between city dwellers and rural communities encourages both economic and cultural exchanges.
Group Dynamics
- Groups are defined by shared goals, interaction, and physical togetherness, with classifications into primary (intimate relationships) and secondary (impersonal relationships) groups.
- In-group refers to groups individuals identify with, fostering loyalty and solidarity, while out-group comprises those perceived as outsiders.
- Reference groups serve as models for individuals, influencing behavior and self-perception despite a lack of actual membership.
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Description
This quiz covers foundational concepts in anthropology, sociology, and political science. Explore the various aspects of human societies, social relationships, and the workings of governments. Test your knowledge on the key theories and methodologies of these social sciences.
