Introduction to Animal Biotechnology
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Questions and Answers

Who was the scientist that demonstrated animal cells could survive in vitro conditions in 1903?

  • Jolly (correct)
  • Rous & Jones
  • Harrison
  • Carrel

    • Which scientist performed trypsinization for subculturing in 1916?

  • Carrel
  • Harrison
  • Rous & Jones (correct)
  • Kielova et al.

    • What is the term for a freshly isolated cell culture?

  • Primary culture (correct)
  • Continuous cell line
  • Subculture
  • Heterogeneous culture

    • In 1940, who introduced antibiotics in the culture media to reduce contamination in animal cell culture?

    <p>Kielova et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who formed the first human cell line 'HeLa' cell lines in 1952?

    <p>Gey et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which decade was the first recombinant protein, erythropoietin, produced using CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell lines?

    <p>1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Eagle do in 1955 that minimized variations and obtained reproducible results?

    <p>Used chemically defined media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who produced the first animal cell clone, Dolly, in 1996?

    <p>Wilmud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who demonstrated that animal cells could survive in vitro conditions?

    <p>Jolly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who produced the first hybridoma secreted monoclonal antibodies in 1975?

    <p>Kohler &amp; Milestein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of animal biotechnology?

    <p>To synthesize therapeutic proteins in animals for medical applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tissue culture important in animal biotechnology?

    <p>It is used for in vitro maintenance and propagation of isolated cells, tissues, or organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tissue culture' refer to?

    <p>In vitro maintenance and propagation of isolated cells, tissues, or organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major application of animal cell culture in life sciences?

    <p>Synthesis of therapeutic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does in-vitro organ culture involve?

    <p>Culture of small tissue fragment retaining their tissue architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the defined conditions required for animal cells to grow outside their organ or tissue of origin?

    <p>Supplementation with a medium containing nutrients and growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is animal biotechnology mainly concerned with?

    <p>Genetically engineering animals to improve their suitability for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or industrial applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tissue culture in animal biotechnology?

    <p>In vitro maintenance and propagation of isolated cells, tissues, or organs in an appropriate artificial environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major application of animal cell culture in life sciences?

    <p>Production of therapeutic proteins and development of disease-resistant animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'in-vitro organ culture' involve?

    <p>Culture of whole organ tissue fragment or dispersed cells on a suitable nutrient medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are animal cells induced to grow outside their organ or tissue of origin?

    <p>Supplementation with a medium containing nutrients and growth factors under defined conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is animal cell culture important in the field of animal biotechnology?

    <p>It allows for the production of genetically modified animals with specific desirable traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cell culture that is maintained as an attached monolayer or cell suspension?

    <p>Primary culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who demonstrated that animal cells could survive in vitro conditions in 1903?

    <p>Jolly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1952, which scientist formed the first human cell line 'HeLa' cell lines?

    <p>Gey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Eagle do in 1955 to minimize variations and obtain reproducible results?

    <p>Used chemically defined media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1980s, using CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell lines, the first recombinant protein, erythropoietin, was produced. Who was responsible for this achievement?

    <p>Hans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who produced the first hybridoma secreted monoclonal antibodies in 1975?

    <p>Kohler &amp; Milestein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who performed trypsinization for subculturing in 1916?

    <p>Rous &amp; Jones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1940, who introduced antibiotics in the culture media to reduce contamination in animal cell culture?

    <p>Kielova et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Harrison do with frog embryo nerve cells in 1907?

    <p>He observed the growth of nerve fibers in vitro after culturing them using a hanging drop method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cell line that may continuously grow indefinitely?

    <p>Continuous cell line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Figures in Animal Cell Culture History

    • Animal cells were demonstrated to survive in vitro conditions by Harrison in 1903.
    • Trypsinization for subculturing was performed by Reinhold in 1916.
    • Antibiotics were introduced in culture media by Earle in 1940 to reduce contamination.
    • The first human cell line 'HeLa' was formed by Gey in 1952.
    • The transition to producing recombinant proteins like erythropoietin using CHO cell lines occurred in the 1980s, credited to various researchers.
    • The first hybridoma secreted monoclonal antibodies were produced by Köhler and Milstein in 1975.
    • Dolly, the first animal cell clone, was produced by Wilmut in 1996.

    Concepts and Terminology

    • A freshly isolated cell culture is referred to as primary culture.
    • A cell culture maintained as an attached monolayer or cell suspension is called cell line.
    • Tissue culture in animal biotechnology refers to the process of growing cells in controlled conditions, often outside their natural environment.
    • In vitro organ culture involves maintaining organ tissues under laboratory conditions to study their functionality and development.
    • The major goal of animal biotechnology is to improve the efficiency of animal production and health, along with developing biopharmaceuticals.
    • Tissue culture is crucial as it allows for the manipulation and study of cells in a controlled environment, contributing to advancements in various biological fields.

    Applications and Techniques

    • Major applications of animal cell culture in life sciences include drug development, vaccine production, and genetic engineering.
    • Defined conditions for animal cells to grow outside their original organ or tissue include proper temperature, pH balance, nutrient availability, and sterile environment.
    • Animal cells can be induced to grow outside their origin through techniques like enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation.
    • Tissue culture's importance lies in its ability to provide a reproducible and controlled environment for studying cellular behavior, development, and the effects of various substances on cell function.

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    Description

    Explore the branch of animal biotechnology that utilizes molecular biology techniques to genetically engineer animals for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Learn about the production of genetically modified animals with enhanced traits and their applications in synthesizing therapeutic proteins, improving growth rates, and disease resistance.

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