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Questions and Answers
The science which deals with the study of all living things is called ______.
The science which deals with the study of all living things is called ______.
Biology
______ is the branch of biology that describes the structures of the body and how they relate to each other.
______ is the branch of biology that describes the structures of the body and how they relate to each other.
Anatomy
The Father of Modern Human Anatomy is considered to be ______.
The Father of Modern Human Anatomy is considered to be ______.
Andreas Vasalius
______ is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the functions of living organisms.
______ is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the functions of living organisms.
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The Father of Modern Experimental Physiology is considered to be ______.
The Father of Modern Experimental Physiology is considered to be ______.
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When the body is standing upright with feet together, hands by the side, and face looking forward, it is in the ______ positions.
When the body is standing upright with feet together, hands by the side, and face looking forward, it is in the ______ positions.
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______ planes divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.
______ planes divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.
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The ______ plane divides the body into right and left halves.
The ______ plane divides the body into right and left halves.
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The ______ membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity.
The ______ membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity.
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The ______ system includes the skin, glands, hair, and nails.
The ______ system includes the skin, glands, hair, and nails.
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The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are part of the ______ system.
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are part of the ______ system.
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The ______ system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
The ______ system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
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The kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra are parts of the ______ system.
The kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra are parts of the ______ system.
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______ is required for various metabolic processes and acts as a medium of transportation.
______ is required for various metabolic processes and acts as a medium of transportation.
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______ is the form of energy and a product of metabolism.
______ is the form of energy and a product of metabolism.
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The ______ is the weight of air above us.
The ______ is the weight of air above us.
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Substances are made up of tiny, invisible particles called ______.
Substances are made up of tiny, invisible particles called ______.
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Atoms are bound together to form larger particles called ______.
Atoms are bound together to form larger particles called ______.
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Small molecules are bound together to form larger molecules known as ______.
Small molecules are bound together to form larger molecules known as ______.
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A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all ______.
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all ______.
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A group of cells with a specific function is called a ______.
A group of cells with a specific function is called a ______.
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A complex structure made by a group of different tissues with specialized functions is called an ______.
A complex structure made by a group of different tissues with specialized functions is called an ______.
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The axial portion of the body includes the head, neck, trunk, and ______.
The axial portion of the body includes the head, neck, trunk, and ______.
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The ______ cavity houses the brain.
The ______ cavity houses the brain.
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The term for bending a joint is ______.
The term for bending a joint is ______.
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The opposite of flexion, ______ is when the joint is straightened.
The opposite of flexion, ______ is when the joint is straightened.
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______ of the trunk is a movement in the coronal plane.
______ of the trunk is a movement in the coronal plane.
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______ is the movement of a limb away from the midline.
______ is the movement of a limb away from the midline.
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______ is the movement of a limb towards the midline.
______ is the movement of a limb towards the midline.
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______ is the combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction in sequence.
______ is the combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction in sequence.
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______ of the forearm results in the palm facing posteriorly.
______ of the forearm results in the palm facing posteriorly.
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______ is the movement of the ankle joint resulting in the sole of the foot facing medially.
______ is the movement of the ankle joint resulting in the sole of the foot facing medially.
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______ of the foot is when the foot is extended inferiorly.
______ of the foot is when the foot is extended inferiorly.
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Transverse, horizontal, or axial planes divide the body into superior and ______ parts
Transverse, horizontal, or axial planes divide the body into superior and ______ parts
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______ terms are used to precisely locate one part of the body relative to another
______ terms are used to precisely locate one part of the body relative to another
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The movement of the thumb to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand is known as ______.
The movement of the thumb to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand is known as ______.
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Anterior is also known as ______
Anterior is also known as ______
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Medial and lateral describe the position of structures relative to the median ______ plane
Medial and lateral describe the position of structures relative to the median ______ plane
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The hand is ______ to the elbow joint
The hand is ______ to the elbow joint
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______ is towards the head and caudal is towards the tail
______ is towards the head and caudal is towards the tail
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The sternum is ______ to the heart
The sternum is ______ to the heart
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______ refers to the same side of the body
______ refers to the same side of the body
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The ______ position refers to the body lying on its back
The ______ position refers to the body lying on its back
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The inferior surface of the foot is known as the ______ surface
The inferior surface of the foot is known as the ______ surface
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Study Notes
Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
- Anatomy is the study of the body's structures and their relationships.
- Physiology is the study of the body's functions.
- Biology is the science of all living things.
- Anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which means "to cut up" or "dissect".
- Andreas Vesalius was considered the father of modern human anatomy.
- He published De humani corporis fabrica libri septem in 1543.
- Jean Fernel, a 16th-century French physician, is credited with first introducing the term "physiology".
Nomenclature/Terminologies
- Biology is the science of all living things
- Anatomy is a branch of biology & medicine
- Anatomy describes the body structures and their relationships
Anatomical Position
- The subject stands upright with feet together and toes pointing forward.
- Hands are positioned at the sides, with fingers straight and together, and the thumb positioned at 90° to the other fingers.
- Eyes are focused on a distant object, and the mouth is closed with a neutral facial expression.
Anatomical Planes
- Three primary anatomical planes: coronal, sagittal, and transverse.
- Coronal planes divide the body into anterior and posterior sections.
- Sagittal planes divide the body into right and left sections.
- Median sagittal plane splits the body into equal halves.
- Transverse or axial planes divide the body into superior and inferior sections.
Directional Terms
- Used to pinpoint the location of one body part relative to another.
- Common directional terms: anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, superior/inferior, proximal/distal, cranial/caudal, rostral, superficial/deep, ipsilateral/contralateral, bilateral, internal/external.
- Anterior (ventral) refers to the front of the body.
- Posterior (dorsal) refers to the back of the body.
- Medial refers to the middle of the body.
- Lateral refers to the side of the body.
- Superior refers to a higher position.
- Inferior refers to a lower position.
- Proximal refers to a part closer to the origin of a limb.
- Distal refers to a part farther from the origin of a limb.
Supine/Prone Position
- Supine position: lying on the back.
- Prone position: lying face down.
Surfaces of the Hand/Foot
- Palmar surface of the hand: anterior aspect
- Dorsal surface of the hand: posterior aspect
- Plantar surface of the foot: inferior surface
- Dorsal surface of the foot: superior aspect
Terms of Movement
- Flexion: bending a joint.
- Extension: straightening a joint.
- Lateral flexion: moving the trunk sideways.
- Plantar flexion: bending the foot downward.
- Dorsiflexion: bending the foot upward.
- Abduction: moving a limb away from the midline.
- Adduction: moving a limb toward the midline.
- Circumduction: moving a limb in a circular motion.
- Rotation: turning a limb around its axis.
- Medial rotation: turning a limb inward.
- Lateral rotation: turning a limb outward.
- Pronation: rotating the forearm and hand so the palm faces downward.
- Supination: rotating the forearm and hand so the palm faces upward.
- Protraction: moving a body part forward.
- Retraction: moving a body part backward.
- Eversion: moving the sole of the foot outward.
- Inversion: moving the sole of the foot inward.
- Opposition: touching the thumb to the other fingers.
Body Cavities
- Axial portion: head, neck, trunk, and pelvis.
- Appendicular portion: arms and legs.
- Dorsal cavity: includes the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral canal (spinal cord).
- Ventral cavity: includes the thoracic cavity (lungs, heart, and other organs) and the abdominopelvic cavity (stomach, intestines, other organs).
- Other smaller cavities in the head include: oral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavities, and middle ear cavities.
Body Membranes
- Membranes line body cavities, acting as boundaries.
- Major membranes include pleural (thoracic cavity), pericardial (heart), and peritoneal membranes (abdominopelvic cavity).
Body Systems
- Body systems are sets of organs that work together to perform specific functions.
- Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, circulatory, lymphatic, urinary, and reproductive.
Needs of Organisms
- Water, food, oxygen, heat, and atmospheric pressure are crucial for life and metabolic processes within organisms.
Level of Organization
- Atomic level
- Molecular level
- Organelle level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organism
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts of anatomy and physiology, including the study of body structures and functions. Learn about the historical figures who contributed to these fields and understand the anatomical position. Perfect for students beginning their exploration of human biology.
