Introduction to Amphibia

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which amphibian typically undergoes indirect development with a tadpole stage?

Salamanders

Caecilians

Frogs (correct)

Newts

In which environment do amphibians commonly lay their eggs?

In water (correct)

Deserts

In trees

On dry land

What is the fertilization process primarily used by most frogs?

Asexual reproduction

External fertilization (correct)

Internal fertilization

Parthenogenesis

What is the role of the nasolacrimal duct in anuran amphibians believed to be related to?

Vomeronasal perception Signup and view all the answers

What reproductive strategy do newts often utilize?

A mix of external and internal fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the amphibian brain is primarily responsible for the integration of behavior and learning?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What function does the medulla oblongata serve in the amphibian nervous system?

Manages organ functions such as heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory organ in amphibians is responsible for receiving vibrations from external environments?

Tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

In which amphibian group is vision notably diminished, as they are nearly blind?

Gymnophiona Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pineal body play in amphibians?

Regulates sleep patterns Signup and view all the answers

What forms from the fusion of the ulna and radius in frogs?

Radio-ulna Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is not part of the frog's respiratory system?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What type of circulation do frogs possess?

Incomplete double circulation Signup and view all the answers

Where does urine travel after being formed in the kidneys of frogs?

To the cloaca Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by adult frogs?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of the circulatory system is found in frogs?

Three-chambered heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the frog's cloaca?

Excretion, digestion, and reproduction Signup and view all the answers

How do tadpoles primarily breathe before they develop lungs?

Using gills Signup and view all the answers

What significant evolutionary milestone marks amphibians as the first terrestrial animals?

They evolved from Sarcopterygii. Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes amphibian eggs from amniotic eggs?

Amphibian eggs are laid in water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a characteristic of amphibians?

They have feathers and wings. Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory method is used by amphibians during their larval stage?

Gills Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature of amphibian skeletons indicates their classification in Tetrapoda?

Presence of four limbs. Signup and view all the answers

What type of respiration do adult amphibians primarily rely on?

Lungs and skin. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the vertebral column of amphibians is True?

They have a fused urostyle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about amphibians' method of reproduction?

Their eggs develop into larvae in water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the classification of amphibians is true?

Amphibians are classified into three distinct orders. Signup and view all the answers

Which amphibian listed is categorized as a part of the order Anura?

Ropucha bradavičnatá Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where an organism reproduces while in its larval stage?

Pedogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which amphibian is known for having external gills throughout its life?

Jaskyniar vodný Signup and view all the answers

What physiological state is characterized by low metabolic rate and inactivity during certain seasons?

Hibernation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amphibians is capable of being neotenic?

Axolotl mexický Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a species of the order Caudata?

Rana temporaria Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with the state of hibernation in amphibians?

Low metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Amphibia

First terrestrial animals, evolved from lobed fish 370 million years ago.
Live in water in larval stage (tadpole) and on land as adults.
Anamniota - eggs lack protective membranes or shells; laid in water.

Characteristic Features

Adults are terrestrial, larvae are aquatic.
Lack protective membranes on eggs.
Gas exchange in eggs occurs through vitelline membranes, involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Important group, including cyclostomes, fishes, and amphibians.
Four limbs (Tetrapoda).
Adults breathe with lungs; larvae with gills.
Skin is smooth, moist, and often glandular, sometimes poisonous; various colors and patterns.
Breathe through skin (cutaneous respiration).
Cold-blooded (exothermic).
Have cloaca (a single opening for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems).

Skeletal System

Vertebral column consists of fused vertebrae (cervical, sacral, urostyle).
Atlas (one of the first two cervical vertebrae) unique in amphibians-
Ulna and radius are fused to form a single bone.
Tibia and fibula are fused to form a single bone.
Frogs lack ribs and diaphragm.

Digestive System

Features include mouth, buccal cavity, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, small and large intestine and a cloaca.

Respiratory System

Frogs breathe through lungs and skin (skin must stay moist)
Lungs are not efficient for supplying all oxygen.
Buccal cavity assists in respiration.
Tadpoles breathe via gills.

Circulatory System

Closed circulatory system.
Three-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle).
Imperfect double circulation: pulmonary and systemic. Developed lymphatic system.
Deoxygenated blood from body to the right atrium, then to the ventricle.
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in ventricle.
Blood circulates to lungs and body via the aorta.

Excretory System

Kidneys are mesonephric.
Filter wastes (urea) from the blood; combine with water to form urine.
Urine leaves the body through the cloaca.
Tadpoles excrete ammonia.

Nervous System

Brain consists of cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, olfactory lobe, optic lobe, optic lobe, cerebellum, oblongata.
Controls body functions like heart rate, respiration, and movement.
Pineal body involved in hibernation and estivation.

Senses

Good sight (except those with adaptations to cave life).
Nictitating membrane covers the eyes.
Good hearing—inner ear is well-developed.
Olfactory bulbs and Jacobson's organ for smell.

Reproduction

Mostly external fertilization, eggs laid in water.
Fertilization varies based on species (external or internal)
Development (Tadpole stage is involved).
Indirect development, with a larval phase.

Classification

Divided into three orders: Anura (frogs), Caudata (newts), and Gymnophiona (caecilians).

Additional Notes

Specific video links for further study are included within the original excerpt's text. Note, these notes omit the videos.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fascinating world of amphibians, the first terrestrial animals that evolved from lobed fish over 370 million years ago. This quiz covers their unique life cycle, physiological characteristics, and skeletal system features. Test your knowledge on their adaptations and importance in the ecosystem.