Introduction to Accountancy

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Questions and Answers

A company with a high inventory turnover ratio likely demonstrates what?

  • Aggressive accounting practices aimed at inflating asset values.
  • Inefficient sales strategies, leading to overstocked inventory.
  • Poor management of accounts receivable.
  • Effective management of inventory, minimizing storage costs and obsolescence. (correct)

In which scenario would an accountant's objectivity be most severely compromised?

  • Auditing a company in which they hold a minor, indirect investment through a mutual fund.
  • Being pressured by management to conceal financial irregularities. (correct)
  • Providing consulting services to a competitor of their audit client.
  • Preparing financial statements for a non-profit organization.

Which accounting career path offers the LEAST opportunity to work directly with external clients?

  • Forensic Accounting
  • Consulting
  • Public Accounting
  • Corporate Accounting (correct)

An accountant discovers a significant error in a previously audited financial statement that inflates the company's net income. What is their most ethical course of action?

<p>Inform management, and if they don't take corrective action, report the error to the appropriate regulatory authorities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best example of applying efficiency ratios together with profitability ratios?

<p>Analyzing how changes in inventory turnover impact the gross profit margin to optimize pricing and production strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST comprehensive description of the role of accountancy?

<p>Systematically recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting financial transactions to enable informed decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is seeking a loan from a bank. Which accounting function is MOST relevant to the bank's decision to grant the loan?

<p>Communicating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which user of accounting information would be MOST interested in assessing a company's ability to pay its short-term debts?

<p>Creditors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company suspects fraudulent activities within its finance department. Which type of accounting would be MOST suitable for investigating this?

<p>Forensic Accounting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) important for financial reporting?

<p>To provide a standard framework ensuring consistency and comparability in financial statements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs BEST illustrates the difference between managerial and financial accounting?

<p>Managerial: internal decision-making; Financial: external reporting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How could accounting information assist a government entity?

<p>By measuring economic performance and ensuring tax compliance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cost accounting?

<p>Determining the cost of products and services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fundamental accounting principle dictates that a company should record revenue when it is earned, irrespective of when the cash is received?

<p>Accrual Accounting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to GAAP, which organization is primarily responsible for establishing accounting standards in the United States?

<p>Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company's current assets are $200,000 and its current liabilities are $100,000. What is the current ratio?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows?

<p>Payment of dividends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an internal control procedure related to physical controls?

<p>Securing inventory in a locked room. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company uses the double-declining balance method for depreciation. An asset cost $10,000, has a salvage value of $1,000 and a useful life of 5 years. What is the depreciation expense in Year 1?

<p>$4,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inventory valuation method assumes that the last units purchased are the first units sold?

<p>Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financial statement reflects a company's financial position at a specific point in time?

<p>Balance Sheet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the accounting equation, if a company's liabilities increase by $50,000 and its equity decreases by $20,000, what is the net effect on the company's assets?

<p>Assets increase by $30,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the accounting cycle?

<p>Preparing a bank reconciliation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company has revenues of $300,000 and expenses of $200,000. What is the net income?

<p>$100,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The times interest earned ratio is a type of:

<p>Solvency Ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accounting principle states that a company should choose the option that is least likely to overstate assets or income when faced with uncertainty?

<p>Conservatism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the purpose of segregation of duties in internal control?

<p>To divide responsibilities to reduce the risk of fraud and errors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the book value of an asset that originally cost $50,000 and has accumulated depreciation of $20,000?

<p>$30,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Accountancy

Systematic process of recording, classifying, summarizing, and interpreting financial transactions to help decision-making.

Recording

Documenting financial transactions in a systematic manner.

Classifying

Grouping similar transactions together into meaningful categories.

Summarizing

Preparing financial statements from recorded data.

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Interpreting

Analyzing data to gain insights and inform decisions.

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Financial Accounting

Preparing financial statements for external users.

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Managerial Accounting

Providing information to internal users for decision-making.

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GAAP

A set of accounting standards, procedures, and practices.

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Profitability Ratios

Ratios that show a company's ability to generate earnings relative to its revenue, assets, and equity.

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Efficiency Ratios

Ratios measuring how well a company utilizes its assets to generate sales revenue.

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Ethical Responsibilities in Accounting

Accountants must act with honesty, impartiality, and independence, avoiding conflicts of interest and protecting sensitive information.

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Whistleblower Protection

Reporting unethical or illegal activities within an organization without fear of negative consequences.

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Forensic Accounting

A profession focused on discovering and documenting fraudulent activities and financial crimes.

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What is GAAP?

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: guidelines followed when preparing financial statements to ensure relevance, reliability, and comparability.

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Accrual Accounting

Recognizes revenue when earned and expenses when incurred, regardless of when cash changes hands.

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Matching Principle

Matches expenses with the revenues they help to generate in the same period.

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Going Concern Assumption

Assumes a business will continue operating in the foreseeable future.

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Balance Sheet

A snapshot of a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.

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Assets

Resources owned by the company that have future economic value.

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Liabilities

Obligations of the company to external parties.

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Income Statement

Reports a company's financial performance over a period of time.

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Revenue

Inflows of economic benefits from the company's ordinary activities.

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Expenses

Outflows of economic benefits incurred in earning revenue.

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Statement of Cash Flows

Summarizes the movement of cash both into and out of a company over a period of time.

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Depreciation

The process of allocating the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.

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FIFO

Assumes that the first units purchased are the first units sold.

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Internal Controls

Policies and procedures to protect assets and ensure accurate accounting records.

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Liquidity Ratios

Measure a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations.

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Study Notes

The provided text does not contain any new information compared to the existing notes. Therefore, no updates are necessary.

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