Introduction au Psy-Humanisme

Introduction to Psy-Humanism

• Psy-humanism offers an explanation of motivations for action focusing on conscious internal representations, aiming at a desired outcome (problem, solution, decision, action).
• It emphasizes free will and focuses on self-development as the ultimate goal of voluntary action.
• This approach is related to positive psychology, promoting personal growth and skill development.
• Key figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow established the basis of this approach, followed by researchers like Hart and Bandura who developed the ideas in a learning context.
• This approach is prominent in contemporary personal development, coaching, and business realms, as well as sports.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

• Maslow focused on behaviors that promote positive personal development and not those that hinder it.
• He created a framework for motivation based on a hierarchy of needs, progressing from basic to higher needs.
• Five fundamental needs are: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
• Lower level needs must be met before higher level needs can be addressed.
• Needs are driven by deprivation or lack.

Developing Potential

• Human beings strive to fulfill their potential, pushing their capabilities, skills and knowledge to the limit.
• This potential is intrinsic to the individual and needs to be nurtured and developed.

Criticism of the Concept of Potential

• Critics argue that only a select few achieve self-actualization, leaving most stuck in satisfying basic needs.
• The concept of inborn potential is questionable.
• Potential may be influenced or limited by circumstances.
• The theory can be deterministic, suggesting an individual's potential is predetermined.

White's Motivation

• White proposed that individuals are motivated by a need to control or master their environment.
• This is related to a sense of personal competence.
• Feedback and reinforcement are vital in maintaining a sense of competence.
• Positive feedback leads to positive feelings, reinforcing future actions.

Locus of Control

• Rotter described the belief that people hold about the origin of events in their lives.
• Internal locus of control involves valuing personal actions and efforts in determining outcomes.
• External locus of control involves attributing outcomes to external factors such as luck or fate.

Attribution Theory

• Heider and Kelly examined how individuals explain the causes of their successes and failures.
• Attributing results to characteristics such as ability, effort, or chance.

Self-Efficacy

• Bandura's concept of self-efficacy emphasizes the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.
• This influences motivation and performance.
• Self-efficacy is learned and influenced by successes and failures.

Conclusion

• Humanistic psychology highlights the importance of self-development, personal growth, and responsibility for one's experiences.
• The concept of self-efficacy, the subjective belief in one’s ability to succeed, is crucial for motivation.

Le psy-humanisme explore les motivations derrière les actions humaines en mettant l'accent sur les représentations internes conscientes. Cette approche préconise le libre arbitre et le développement personnel, influencée par des figures clés comme Carl Rogers et Abraham Maslow. En tant que cadre pour la psychologie positive, elle est appliquée dans des contextes de développement personnel, de coaching et d'affaires.