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Questions and Answers
Qui a décrit et catégorisé la schizophrénie de manière complète et durable à la fin du XIXème siècle ?
Qui a décrit et catégorisé la schizophrénie de manière complète et durable à la fin du XIXème siècle ?
Emil Kraepelin
Le terme « schizophrénie » a été introduit par Kraepelin.
Le terme « schizophrénie » a été introduit par Kraepelin.
False
Quel est le pourcentage de la population générale touchée par la schizophrénie à un moment donné de sa vie ?
Quel est le pourcentage de la population générale touchée par la schizophrénie à un moment donné de sa vie ?
1%
L'espérance de vie des personnes schizophrènes est la même que celle de la population générale.
L'espérance de vie des personnes schizophrènes est la même que celle de la population générale.
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Quels sont les trois principaux types de symptômes associés à la schizophrénie ?
Quels sont les trois principaux types de symptômes associés à la schizophrénie ?
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Que signifie le terme « trouble psychotique » ?
Que signifie le terme « trouble psychotique » ?
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Parmi les troubles psychiatriques suivants, lequel n'est PAS considéré comme un trouble psychotique ?
Parmi les troubles psychiatriques suivants, lequel n'est PAS considéré comme un trouble psychotique ?
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Les symptômes négatifs de la schizophrénie sont souvent plus invalidants que les symptômes positifs.
Les symptômes négatifs de la schizophrénie sont souvent plus invalidants que les symptômes positifs.
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Lequel des exemples suivants illustre le mieux un symptôme positif de la schizophrénie ?
Lequel des exemples suivants illustre le mieux un symptôme positif de la schizophrénie ?
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Parmi les exemples suivants, quel symptôme illustre le mieux la désorganisation dans la schizophrénie ?
Parmi les exemples suivants, quel symptôme illustre le mieux la désorganisation dans la schizophrénie ?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
- This presentation covers schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
- The course is part of the PASS Santé program in psychopathology.
- The academic year is 2022/2023.
Historical Perspective
- Emil Kraepelin (late 19th century): Created a comprehensive and lasting classification of schizophrenia (SZ), building upon work by Haslam, Morel, Pinel, and others.
- Kraepelin grouped diverse symptoms (catatonia, hebephrenia, paranoia) into a single syndrome: Dementia Praecox.
- Emil Kraepelin (1898): Distinguished dementia praecox from manic-depressive disorder, a forerunner to the modern understanding of bipolar disorder.
- Eugen Bleuler (1908): Introduced the term "schizophrenia," emphasizing a fundamental split (scission) in the personality and a breakdown of the connections in the mind ("esprit").
Epidemiology of Schizophrenia
- Global prevalence: An average of 1% of the general population is affected at some point in their lives.
- Reduced life expectancy: A decrease of 10-15 years due to suicide, metabolic problems, poor medical care and neglect.
- Gender ratio: Men are 1.4 times more at risk than women, and experience earlier and more severe forms of the disease.
- Hospitalization rates: Schizophrenia accounts for 30% of psychiatric hospitalizations and 18% of outpatient cases.
Semiology (Symptoms) of Schizophrenia
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Psychotic Disorders: A general term referring to a loss of contact with reality (lasting or not) found in several psychiatric disorders.
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Types of Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Schizoaffective disorder
- Delusional disorder
- Psychotic substance-induced disorder
- Brief psychotic disorder
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Positive Symptoms: Alterations in experience and perception and relation to the environment, as compared to everyday experience.
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Hallucinations: Sensory perceptions in the absence of external stimuli. Hallucinations are especially frequent amongst auditory stimuli (70%). Different kinds of hallucinations exist.
- Verbal or non-verbal: Auditory hallucinations can be of different types (unique/multiple, understood/unintelligible, directed toward the patient or third parties).
- Hostile, encouraging, intrusive, internally experienced etc: Different types of hallucinations.
- Delusions: Rigid beliefs unaffected by contrary evidence. Various structures with diverse themes exist, including, but not limited to: persecution, influence, erotomania, grandiosity, reference, religious, somatic, negativistic.
- Other positive symptoms: Syndrome of influence, thought insertion, thought broadcasting, thought withdrawal.
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Hallucinations: Sensory perceptions in the absence of external stimuli. Hallucinations are especially frequent amongst auditory stimuli (70%). Different kinds of hallucinations exist.
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Negative Symptoms: Reduced or absence of normal behaviours, as compared to everyday experience
- Avolition/apathy: Lack of motivation, initiative, and goal-directed behaviour; Reduced social engagement; Indifference to social interactions.
- Reduced emotional expression: Flat affect, diminished emotional range; Difficulty expressing their emotions.
- Anhedonia: Diminished ability to experience pleasure or joy
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Disorganization: Problems in thoughts, behaviours or speech (tangential/incoherent speech, circumstantiality..etc). Some more unusual or unusual combinations of symptoms include.
- Thought disorders: difficulty organising thoughts logically, unusual word usage, etc., such as (circumstantiality, word salad, thought blocking).
- Behavioural disorders: Unusual actions, such as unpredictable behaviours, etc.
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Neurocognitive Symptoms: Problems in memory, attention, planning, executive functions, cognitive control and social cognition (70-80% of patients). Cognitive deficits can be early or secondary to psychiatric symptoms and to medication.
Case Examples
- Several detailed case histories illustrate the variety of symptoms and challenges involved in diagnosing and managing schizophrenia. Each example, demonstrates the complexities of the condition.
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Description
Ce quiz explore la schizophrénie et d'autres troubles psychotiques, s'inscrivant dans le programme PASS Santé en psychopathologie pour l'année académique 2022/2023. On y examine les perspectives historiques, notamment les contributions d'Emil Kraepelin et Eugen Bleuler, ainsi que l'épidémiologie de ces troubles. Testez vos connaissances sur ce sujet essentiel en santé mentale.
