Introduction à la Kinésithérapie

Introduction to Kinesiology

• Kinesitherapy is a science based on anatomical, physiological, and mechanical laws.
• Exercises are the practical application of these laws.

Fundamentals of Kinesitherapy

• Teaching kinesitherapy by presenting methods is insufficient.
• Education should focus on developing a correct and adaptable way of thinking.
• The key principle of effective kinesitherapy is achieving positive results while respecting the principle of no pain.
• Movements are used as a treatment tool.

What kind of movement?

• Movements used in kinesitherapy follow the same principles as medical treatments, including indications, contraindications, and dosages.

Kinesitherapy Tools

• Kinesitherapy is a therapeutic practice focusing on muscle development or regaining strength and function.
• Methods include passive, active, and active-resistance kinesitherapy.

Fields of Kinesitherapy

• Kinesitherapy applies to a wide range of conditions, including general or specific illness, congenital conditions, and impairments in posture or coordination.

Indications for Kinesitherapy

• Increasing muscle flexibility.
• Enhancing muscle strength.
• Improving joint mobility.
• Treating muscle tension.
• Improving automatic movements.
• Speeding up tissue regeneration.
• Correcting postural distortions.
• Regaining function.

Contraindications for Kinesitherapy

• When a procedure might put a patient at risk, even with a chance of recovery.
• Professionals must respect contraindications, alongside appropriate indications.
• Knowledge of contraindications relies on anatomy, physiology, pathology, and kinesiology.
• The professional prescribing the treatment is responsible for outlining guidelines and emphasizing contraindications.

General Anatomy: Planes, Axes, and Movements

• Anatomical position is a universal standard for describing body parts.
• The body is standing upright, feet together, and palms facing forward.
• Reference points used to describe body orientations.

Anatomical Orientations

• Anterior/Ventral (front)
• Posterior/Dorsal (back)
• Superior/Cranial (top)
• Inferior/Caudal (bottom)
• Medial (middle)
• Lateral (side)
• Proximal (closer to point of attachment)
• Distal (further from point of attachment)
• Superficial (closer to surface)
• Deep (further from surface)

Anatomical Planes

• Sagittal plane: divides the body into left and right halves.
• Frontal plane: divides the body into front and back halves.
• Transverse plane: divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Anatomical Axes

• Longitudinal axis: runs vertically through the body.
• Anteroposterior axis: runs horizontally from front to back.
• Transverse axis: runs horizontally from side to side.

Articulations (Joints)

• Joints are where two or more bones meet.
• Classified by structure (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and movement (immobile, slightly mobile, freely mobile)
• Major joint examples are listed, including their type, movements, and special characteristics.

Bones

• Bone types (long, short, flat, irregular) and their general functions are listed, including details about bone makeup and structure (diaphysis, epiphyses).

Muscles

• Muscle types and their makeup are described; the types, how they are organized, how they work/contract and examples of how muscles work in the musculoskeletal system are listed.

Movement Descriptions (Articulation)

• Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation (internal/external), circumduction, pronation, supination are explained and defined.

Biomechanical Aspects of Movement

• The text explains the concept of force and how it relates to motion.
• Muscle types, force-velocity relationships, force-position relationships, and the process of injury and healing are discussed.

Tendons

• Tendon structure, function, and healing process.
• Tendons connect muscles to bones allowing for the transfer of forces generated by muscles to the bones and articulations.

Sensory Aspects of Movement

• Proprioception: the body's ability to sense its position and movement in space, without direct visual input.
• Types of proprioception (static, dynamic, unconscious) are defined.