Intro to Philosophy - Day 1 Review
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Questions and Answers

What happens when a human being no longer recognizes the value of the environment?

  • It gains additional intrinsic value
  • It ceases to exist
  • It becomes a mere object to be manipulated (correct)
  • They begin to appreciate it more

    • The Axiological approach to the environment requires a lesser use of imagination and reflection.

    False

    What is considered necessary for life according to the content?

    The environment

    In the Anthropological approach, the environment is viewed as an object without any _____ of its own.

    <p>consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Utilitarianism, an action is considered ethically right if it produces what?

    <p>Happiness for the greater number of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intrinsic value of the environment is not recognized in the Anthropological approach.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do human beings need to do when they recognize the intrinsic value of the environment?

    <p>Protect and take care of it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following approaches to their main characteristics:

    <p>Axiological Approach = Recognizes intrinsic value of the environment Anthropological Approach = Views the environment as an object Utilitarianism = Focuses on consequences of actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a societal red flag?

    <p>Economic inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both Martin Buber and Karol Wojtyla view humans as dual beings with separate aspects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by Wojtyla to represent the social dimension of human relations?

    <p>we relation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Martin Buber's work I and thou is focused on the concept of 'I-______' relation.

    <p>you</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures with their contributions or beliefs:

    <p>Martin Buber = Conceived the human person in totality and relatedness Karol Wojtyla = Criticized the definition of human as 'rational animal' St. Augustine of Hippo = Emphasized social responsibility to others Saint Pope John Paul II = Architect of Communism's demise in Poland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for building inclusive and empathetic communities?

    <p>Accepting differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wojtyla believes that action is a reflection of the nature of the human agent.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was Karol Wojtyla elected as pope?

    <p>1978</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of a society?

    <p>An organized group of people who interact and share a common culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans are political beings by nature.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Plato, what are the three parts of the human soul?

    <p>Appetitive, Spirited, Rational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans form societies through cooperation and the establishment of _________ and institutions.

    <p>social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the philosopher with their contribution to understanding political society:

    <p>Aristotle = Political society is the completion of human community development Plato = Concept of the soul with three parts Hobbes = Humans are naturally free and consent to political society Rousseau = Social contract theory emphasizes consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic interdependence contribute to?

    <p>The formation of societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social contract theory, political society can be established without human consent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason Aristotle provides for humans being political beings?

    <p>Humans have the capacity for speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Natural Law Ethics emphasize regarding the environment?

    <p>Humans have a responsibility to care for the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Environmental Aesthetics, maintaining order in the environment contributes to human well-being.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Environmental Ethics?

    <p>The relationship between humans and the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmentalism advocates to address the growing ______ problems.

    <p>environmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Virtue Ethics = Habitual performance of caring for the environment Environmentalism = Advocacy for addressing environmental problems Environmental Ethics = Moral analysis of human-environment relationships Environmental Philosophy = Study of the moral relationship with non-human elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol was established to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

    <p>Kyoto Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental Philosophy states that humans are removed from alterations in the environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major international event to raise awareness for environmental issues?

    <p>Earth Day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental Aesthetics believes that appreciating the environment can help people relate more effectively with ______.

    <p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of analyzing human activities through Environmental Ethics?

    <p>Reflecting on how actions affect the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of government according to John Locke's social contract theory?

    <p>To protect natural rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that people should be completely free from government control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes an industrial society from earlier forms of societies?

    <p>Use of specialized machinery in production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a __________ society, members often produce surplus food and have larger populations than in hunting and gathering societies.

    <p>Pastoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of society with its characteristic:

    <p>Hunting and Gathering Society = Nomadic and small-sized Horticultural Society = Semi-nomadic with defined roles Feudal Society = Based on land ownership and status Post-Industrial Society = Knowledge-based society with digital interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines the common good?

    <p>Conditions enabling individuals to achieve their goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Epicurus, what happens to sensation and consciousness after death?

    <p>They cease to exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Members of hunting and gathering societies are usually treated unequally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epicurus states that fearing nonexistence may enhance the enjoyment of life.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one characteristic of a virtual society.

    <p>Digital interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Latin phrase summarizes Epicurus' philosophy on existence and nonexistence?

    <p>Non fui, fui, non sum, non curo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The social contract involves individuals sacrificing some of their __________ for the sake of a higher authority.

    <p>freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nagel, if death is an evil at all, it cannot be because of its positive features, but rather because of what it __________ us of.

    <p>deprives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development is associated with post-industrial society?

    <p>Emergence of knowledge-based economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fear that may accompany the concept of death, as suggested by Nagel?

    <p>Fear of missing out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following philosophers with their views on death:

    <p>Epicurus = Death is nothing to us. Thomas Nagel = Death gives meaning to life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epicurus suggests that during dreamless sleep, we only jump to the next conscious episode without experiencing the time that has passed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Nagel mean when he states that few regard not existing before birth as a misfortune?

    <p>He implies that nonexistence is not inherently regrettable and death is similarly nonregrettable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intro to Philosophy - Day 1 Notes

    • Pointers for Review: Topics covered include the Human Person as an Embodied Spirit, the Human Person in their Environment, Intersubjectivity, Freedom of the Human Person, The Human Person in Society, The Human Person as Oriented Towards their Impending Death. Review questions include True or False, Matching Type, and Enumeration.

    The Human Person in Their Environment

    • Defining the Environment: The environment encompasses the surroundings and conditions where living things (person, animal, or plant) exist. It includes both natural (e.g., forests, rivers) and built (e.g., cities, buildings) environments. The environment significantly impacts experiences, behaviors, and overall well-being.

    • Human Being's Perspective on Environment: The relationship humans have with the environment depends on how they perceive it. Often, humans see the environment as something to be exploited for individual use, rather than another subject or a bio-community. This perspective is a major cause of ongoing environmental crises.

    • Instrumental Approach: Human beings protect the environment only as long as it holds value for them. Manipulation and use as a commodity occurs when the environment is no longer valued.

    • Axiological Approach: Values the inherent value of the environment and encourages its protection and preservation. Beauty is seen as an expression of intrinsic value.

    • Anthropological Approach: Humanity is the source of value in the environment, not the environment itself. Human beings have the right to control and utilize the environment as an object.

    • Utilitarianism: Focuses on the consequences of human actions. Actions are considered ethically right if they result in the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

    • Natural Law Ethics: Humanity's responsibility is to care for the environment; it is part of God's creation and a divine purpose. Actions that harm the environment are not acceptable.

    The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit

    • The Human Person: Acknowledges and values human beings' complex and multi-dimensional state of being; their rationality, self-awareness, moral agency, and individuality. Acknowledges and investigates the relationship between the body and spirit, and the limitations of humans.

    • Anthropocentrism: Focuses on humankind's significant role in the world, and nature as a means to sustain human needs. Human beings are the most important species.

    • Biocentrism: Emphasizes that humans are not the only important species, and all organisms deserve protection and ethical consideration.

    Virtues

    • Prudence/Frugality: Ability to make wise judgements and choices based on values, allowing avoidance of dangers and risks. Practical use of resources.

    Understanding the Interplay Between Humans and Their Environments

    • Reciprocal Relationship: Humans shape the environment, and the environment in turn shapes humans.

    • Examination of Impact: Human actions (deforestation, pollution, overconsumption) have significant negative impacts on the environment

    The Evolution of Societies

    • This section outlines societal changes through time, progressing from foraging and pastoral societies to agricultural and industrial societies, and ending with post-industrial and virtual societies. The impacts of societal organization are explained.

    Society

    • Norms: Societal expectations for behavior contribute significantly to individual actions; they guide how people relate and interact

    • Laws: Rules and regulations established by a governing authority to control behavior.

    • Folkways: Traditional customs or behaviors considered normal in a given culture.

    Human Persons as Oriented Toward their Impending Death

    • Bucket List: A list of things a person wants to accomplish or experiences before death.

    • Death: A different perspective is described on various considerations of death.

    How Does Death Feel?

    • A discussion of Epicurus' views on death; the absence of consciousness at death and whether fear of it is justified.

    Nagel on Death

    • This section analyzes and explores Nagel's perspective on death, focusing on the potential negative impacts of recognizing death; existential concerns, and questions.

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    Philosophy - Main Reviewer PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the foundational concepts discussed in the first day of the Intro to Philosophy course. Topics include the nature of the human person, intersubjectivity, and the relationship between individuals and their environment. Test your understanding with true or false, matching type, and enumeration questions.

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