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Questions and Answers
The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.
The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.
mid-eighteenth
The Classical style developed principally in:
The Classical style developed principally in:
Vienna
Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music?
Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music?
Emperor Joseph II
Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are:
Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are:
The eighteenth-century salon was a(n):
The eighteenth-century salon was a(n):
Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?
Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?
Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:
Music during the Enlightenment was meant to:
The light, decorative, frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century was called:
The light, decorative, frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century was called:
A genre typical of the Rococo style is the:
A genre typical of the Rococo style is the:
Rousseau was Europe's first:
Rousseau was Europe's first:
In his writings, Rousseau attacked the:
In his writings, Rousseau attacked the:
Rousseau desired:
Rousseau desired:
Thanks to Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart, the most progressive style of opera in the latter part of the eighteenth century was:
Thanks to Pergolesi, Rousseau, and Mozart, the most progressive style of opera in the latter part of the eighteenth century was:
Opera buffa refers to ________ opera.
Opera buffa refers to ________ opera.
The novel, a new literary genre of the eighteenth century, can be compared to:
The novel, a new literary genre of the eighteenth century, can be compared to:
What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-eighteenth century?
What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-eighteenth century?
Oxford was the location of Europe's first:
Oxford was the location of Europe's first:
The rise of public concerts in the eighteenth century gave a special boost to the composition of:
The rise of public concerts in the eighteenth century gave a special boost to the composition of:
The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:
The eighteenth-century public concert included principally:
Which institution that supported the development of orchestral music was new in the eighteenth century?
Which institution that supported the development of orchestral music was new in the eighteenth century?
The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:
The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:
Which is true of Classical music?
Which is true of Classical music?
In a movement of Classical music, the ________ will stay the same, and the ________ will be varied.
In a movement of Classical music, the ________ will stay the same, and the ________ will be varied.
Which is true of the use of dynamics in the Classical era?
Which is true of the use of dynamics in the Classical era?
The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________, in the Classical era.
The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________, in the Classical era.
In the Classical orchestra, the woodwind and brass instruments:
In the Classical orchestra, the woodwind and brass instruments:
The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of:
The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of:
The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to:
The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to:
The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included:
The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included:
The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the:
The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the:
Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?
Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?
The predominant texture of Classical music is:
The predominant texture of Classical music is:
What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?
What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?
Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?
Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?
In the Classical era, counterpoint was used to create ________ and was often found in ________ sections.
In the Classical era, counterpoint was used to create ________ and was often found in ________ sections.
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Study Notes
Classical Style Overview
- The Classical style emerged in the mid-eighteenth century and was predominantly developed in Vienna.
- Emperor Joseph II was known for his significant support and encouragement of music during this era.
Enlightenment Influence
- Voltaire and Rousseau were prominent French philosophers identified with the Enlightenment.
- The eighteenth-century salon referred to social gatherings held in private homes.
- Music's purpose during the Enlightenment was to please and entertain audiences.
Rococo and Operatic Innovations
- Rococo style characterized art and music with a light, decorative, and often frivolous nature.
- A typical genre of Rococo was the divertimento.
- Rousseau, recognized as Europe's first "alienated intellectual," critiqued the operatic style of the Baroque.
Evolution of Opera
- Rousseau advocated for simpler, natural music with relatable characters in operas.
- Comic opera emerged as the most progressive style during the late eighteenth century, influenced by figures like Pergolesi and Mozart.
- Opera buffa denotes Italian comic opera.
New Music Sociology and Performance Venues
- The mid-eighteenth century saw a transformation in music sociology, leading to regular public concerts and subscription ticket sales.
- Oxford hosted Europe’s first concert hall, fostering orchestral music's development.
Composition and Characteristics of Classical Music
- Public concerts spurred the composition of orchestral music, primarily featuring symphonies and concertos.
- Classical music is defined by "natural" simplicity and pleasing variety, with extensive work on musical elements by composers.
- In Classical compositions, meter and tempo remain consistent, while rhythms vary.
Dynamics and instrumentation
- Classical composers notated dynamics and gradual changes meticulously, showcasing the rise of the piano as a versatile instrument during this era.
- In orchestras, the woodwind and brass sections had well-defined roles, with two flutes, oboes, bassoons, and optional clarinets in the woodwind section.
- The brass section primarily supported the main harmonies, and two timpani comprised the percussion section.
Textural and Compositional Changes
- The orchestra served as the key medium for Classical composers, often incorporating popular tunes into symphonies.
- Homophony dominated the texture of Classical music, contrasting with the more complex polyphony of the Baroque.
- The use of continuo for harmony suggestion faded during the Classical era, giving way to a delicate polyphonic texture and counterpoint used to create tension during development sections.
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