Intro to Microbiology: Scope and Microbes

Study of living things too small to be seen without magnification

Microscopic organisms

Single-celled eukaryotes similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure

Cell extensions of some protozoa that flow in the direction of travel

Numerous, short, hair-like protrusions that propel organisms through environment

Extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whip-like than cilia

Unicellular or multicellular organisms that uses photosynthesis to create oxygen and energy

Eukaryotic organisms that obtains food from other organisms and possesses cell walls

Multicellular fungi with hyphae that reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

Unicellular reproduce asexually by budding, some reproduce sexual spores

Prokaryotes, unicellular, and lack nuclei. Cell walls usually contain peptidoglycan

Developed the Germ theory of disease. Developed vaccines against anthrax, rabies, and chicken cholera

Studied causative agents of disease, discovered Bacillus Anthracis, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, and Vibrio Cholerae

The generic (GENUS) name followed by the species name.

Naming, Classifying, and Identifying Microorganisms

Naming microorganisms. GENUS and Species.

No nucleus. Instead, a nucleoid contains genetic material. Have 70s ribosomes, haploid.

Outer protective layer of the cell wall.

Defines the shape of the bacterial cell. Point of anchorage for flagella. Target for antibiotics.

Transports nutrients. Metabolic energy production.

Is excreted by living bacteria and it does not require cell death for release, metabolic product of bacteria.

It requires cell death for release (cell wall disintegration), Composition: Polysaccharide and Lipids. effect =“Systemic.”Toxicity Low

Smaller. Usually present in a gram (+)is excreted by living bacteria and it does not require cell death for release

Size of the cell (usually produced by gram (-) organisms)

Ability of a microbe to produce disease in a susceptible individual

Relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease or the degree of pathogenicity.

Hair-like structures for attachment

Resting cell, highly resistant to desiccation, heat, and chemical agents. Bacterial genera with spores: Bacillus and Clostridium

Organ for locomotion or motility. H antigen.

Impermeable to alcohol, thick peptidoglycan With teichoic acid and exotoxin.

Permeable to alcohol, thin peptidoglycan Has LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) - important in evading host defenses

The number of people in a population who develop a disease during a particular time period indicator of the spread of disease.

Number of people in a population who have a disease at or during specified time; accounts old and new cases.

Develops rapidly but last only a short time (e.g., Influenza)

Develops slowly (e.g., Tuberculosis)

Interval between initial infection and first appearance of any signs or symptoms

Shows signs and symtoms, E.g., Fever and chills, swollen lymph nodes, Gl disturbance - increase in WBC's

Usually produced by group (-)organisms. requires cell death for release (cell wall disintegration)

Use to lower total bacterial count by 95-99% This method cannot eliminate bacterial endospores.

removal of all microbial life

Lowest the microbial count on eating of a sanitizing utensils

An antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill the bacteria

An antimicrobial that kills a microorganism

Autoclave acts by coagulating or denaturing enzymes and proteins

Ethylene oxide (Gas Sterilant) - most commonly used chemical sterilant, used in gaseous form of sterilizing heat-sensitive objects.

Uses short wavelength but high energy gamma rays.

Removes pathogens from living tissue