Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following illustrates the relationship between phonetics, morphology, and syntax?
Which of the following illustrates the relationship between phonetics, morphology, and syntax?
- Phonetics explores sentence structure, morphology explores sounds, and syntax explores word structure.
- Phonetics examines sentence meaning, morphology examines sound patterns, and syntax examines word formation.
- Phonetics deals with word meaning, morphology deals with sentence structure, and syntax deals with sounds.
- Phonetics analyzes sounds, morphology analyzes word structure, and syntax analyzes sentence structure. (correct)
Within the International Phonetic Alphabet, what do symbols positioned to the right in a cell signify?
Within the International Phonetic Alphabet, what do symbols positioned to the right in a cell signify?
- Retroflex sounds.
- Impossible articulations.
- Voiceless sounds.
- Voiced sounds. (correct)
Which of these consonant pairs are both relevant to the English language, according to the IPA chart?
Which of these consonant pairs are both relevant to the English language, according to the IPA chart?
- /ɬ/ and /ɮ/
- /ç/ and /ʝ/
- /θ/ and /ð/ (correct)
- /ʙ/ and /r/
What is the key articulatory difference between the "L" sound in versus ?
What is the key articulatory difference between the "L" sound in
According to the vowel chart, which pair represents a front vowel and a back vowel, respectively?
According to the vowel chart, which pair represents a front vowel and a back vowel, respectively?
How are vowels categorized in the vowel chart?
How are vowels categorized in the vowel chart?
Which of these words contains a single vowel sound that would typically require a diacritic mark for length in transcription?
Which of these words contains a single vowel sound that would typically require a diacritic mark for length in transcription?
What is the primary function of suprasegmental features in phonetics?
What is the primary function of suprasegmental features in phonetics?
Which of the following is considered to be a suprasegmental feature of speech?
Which of the following is considered to be a suprasegmental feature of speech?
According to IPA conventions, what is the correct method for transcribing a complete sentence?
According to IPA conventions, what is the correct method for transcribing a complete sentence?
How does phonetic transcription differ from phonemic transcription?
How does phonetic transcription differ from phonemic transcription?
Which set of symbols is used to enclose a phonemic transcription?
Which set of symbols is used to enclose a phonemic transcription?
According to the material, what should you transcribe when using IPA?
According to the material, what should you transcribe when using IPA?
What is a common error in transcription?
What is a common error in transcription?
If someone is asked to provide the IPA symbol for the voiced bilabial plosive, which notation should they use?
If someone is asked to provide the IPA symbol for the voiced bilabial plosive, which notation should they use?
How is the sound typically transcribed at the end of words, such as ?
How is the
In the word , what is the typical IPA symbol for the unstressed vowel?
In the word
Which of the following IPA symbols does NOT exist in English?
Which of the following IPA symbols does NOT exist in English?
How would you typically transcribe the sound in using the IPA?
How would you typically transcribe the
Which of the following words would typically require a diacritic to indicate vowel length in a detailed phonetic transcription?
Which of the following words would typically require a diacritic to indicate vowel length in a detailed phonetic transcription?
Which of the following describes the key consideration when determining the level of detail needed in a phonetic transcription?
Which of the following describes the key consideration when determining the level of detail needed in a phonetic transcription?
Which sounds do suprasegmentals apply to?
Which sounds do suprasegmentals apply to?
Which of the following properties could suprasegmentals impact?
Which of the following properties could suprasegmentals impact?
Which of the following transcriptions should be in brackets?
Which of the following transcriptions should be in brackets?
How will an individual know which pronunciation standards to use when they transcribe?
How will an individual know which pronunciation standards to use when they transcribe?
What would be the best resource to find what sounds a word is pronunced with?
What would be the best resource to find what sounds a word is pronunced with?
When practicing pronunciations, what resource should students check?
When practicing pronunciations, what resource should students check?
What is not a common mistake in transcription?
What is not a common mistake in transcription?
In English if it sounds like [j] is in a word, but not , what is it?
In English if it sounds like [j] is in a word, but not , what is it?
Which of the following is not a common mistake?
Which of the following is not a common mistake?
Where can students check IPA?
Where can students check IPA?
Of the following, which best describes the goal of the course?
Of the following, which best describes the goal of the course?
Which is the right transcription for the cluster at the end of going?
Which is the right transcription for the
Which describes the transcription of a polysyllabic word?
Which describes the transcription of a polysyllabic word?
If someone says [j] exists, what is a way to correct them?
If someone says [j] exists, what is a way to correct them?
When creating phonetic transcriptions, which elements are you representing?
When creating phonetic transcriptions, which elements are you representing?
Which transcription is more detailed and captures specific nuances?
Which transcription is more detailed and captures specific nuances?
When referring to a broad range of sounds, which of the following transcriptions is most suitable?
When referring to a broad range of sounds, which of the following transcriptions is most suitable?
Flashcards
What is phonetics?
What is phonetics?
The study of speech sounds, focusing on their production, transmission, and perception.
What are suprasegmentals?
What are suprasegmentals?
Properties of speech sounds or segments that add meaning without altering the sound itself, like pitch
What is Transcription?
What is Transcription?
Describing the pronunciation of a word, useful for accents, dialects and learning environments.
What are IPA standards?
What are IPA standards?
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IPA: Sound-Symbol?
IPA: Sound-Symbol?
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Transcription: brackets?
Transcription: brackets?
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Phonetic transcription?
Phonetic transcription?
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Phonemic transcription?
Phonemic transcription?
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Correct brackets for broad/phonemic transcription?
Correct brackets for broad/phonemic transcription?
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What represents the sound /w/?
What represents the sound /w/?
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/tf/ sound?
/tf/ sound?
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/d3/?
/d3/?
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Dark L [ɫ]?
Dark L [ɫ]?
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Unstressed vowels?
Unstressed vowels?
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[j] sound?
[j] sound?
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Study Notes
- The presentation covers Introduction to Linguistics 1, specifically Phonetics III, which describes pronunciation and is for Level 1-3.
- Winter Semester 2024/25.
Today's Agenda
- Revision of Consonants & Vowels
- Suprasegmentals
- Transcription
Learning Outcome
- Explain suprasegmentals in phonetics
- What are the conventions for sounds transcription
- Explain the difference between phonetic and phonemic transcription
- What are common transcription mistakes.
Big Picture
- Phonetics involves the study of sounds.
- Morphology refers to the study of words.
- Syntax is the study of sentences.
- Meaning is comprised of Phonology and Semantics.
Consonants
- Consonants are articulated using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), revised in 2015.
- Relevant English consonants include /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /ʔ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/, /w/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, and /l/.
Examples
- The /w/ represents a voiced labial-velar approximant, or bilabial is acceptable.
- Both palato-alveolar and postalveolar are acceptable for the voiceless affricate /tʃ/.
- Voiced palato-alveolar affricate is /dʒ/.
- A velarized "L" sound that appears in "ball" / "pull" can be transcribed using IPA diacritics.
- The regular "L" sound in "light" and "love" is a voiced alveolar lateral approximant.
Vowels
- Vowels are classified by tongue position (front, central, back) and height (close, close-mid, open-mid, open).
English Vowels
- Relevant English vowels include /i/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /u/, /e/, /ə/, /ɔ/, /æ/, /ɑ/, and /ʌ/.
Suprasegmentals
- Suprasegmentals are properties of speech sounds that add further meaning without significantly altering articulation.
- These features include pitch, loudness, length/duration, and stress.
IPA Suprasegmentals
- Primary stress: ˈ
- Secondary stress: ˌ
- Long: eː
- Half-long: eˑ
- Extra-short: ĕ
- Minor (foot) group
- Major (intonation) group
- Syllable break: ˈdʒɪ.ækt
- Linking (absence of a break)
Transcription
- Transcription is the process of describing the pronunciation of a word.
- This is useful for describing pronunciations in accents, dialects, or language learning, especially with English's unreliable spelling.
- IPA provides a universal and language-independent alphabet that phonetic and phonemic transcriptions should use.
Conventions
- Use the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols
- Each sound equates to one symbol in the IPA!
- Always in brackets to distinguish from orthographic spelling/writing.
- No upper case letters.
- Leave spaces between words if transcribing sentences.
- Example,
=/snıp ıt/.
Phonetic vs Phonemic Transcription
- The degree of detail transcription varies depending on the goal.
- Phonetic transcription is the most detailed, accurate, and narrow transcription of pronunciation.
- Phonemic transcription is a broader way of transcribing, leaving out nuances and depicting larger categories.
- If the goal is phonemic, represent how speakers ideally pronounce word for learning purposes.
- If the goal is phonetic, represent how speakers actually pronounce the word to highlight certain accent features or speech impairments.
- Use slashes for broad transcription.
- However, If just referring to a single phone, then use square brackets.
Common Mistakes
- Don't transcribe spellings into IPA, transcribe pronunciations.
- English spelling and pronunciation is complex and obscure.
- Required is a standard pronunciation for a transcription to happen (RP or GenAm, without regional dialects).
- Silent sounds aren't transcribed.
Transcription mistakes (con't)
- Use the correct brackets for phonemic transcription: /x/
- To refer to a single phone (an actual sound), use square brackets: [x].
- The
cluster is pronounced as one sound: [ŋ] unless exception is made for words like finger. - Unstressed vowels are usually [ə].
- The vowel quality for unstressed vowels is never what spelling suggests.
- Refers to a vowel in an unstressed syllable
- Refers to monolsyllabic words usually stressed.
IPA mistakes
- [c] character does not exist in English
- [j] is written
; (e.g. ) - [dʒ] is written
in English (e.g. ) - Remember, [ɔ] and [ɑ] are two different sounds.
- Tense vowels in English usually necessitate a diacritic when being transcribed: (FLEECE [i:], GOOSE [u:], NURSE [3:], BATH [a:], THOUGHT [ɔ:].
Homework Recommendation
- Practice transcriptions in any way possible since transcriptions can be difficult to produce. Try transcribing any word, and look up the standard pronunciation via Wells (2008.) or IPA dictionaries.
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