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Questions and Answers
What happens to the vocal cords when a voiced sound is made?
What happens to the vocal cords when a voiced sound is made?
What is the place of articulation for the consonant [t]?
What is the place of articulation for the consonant [t]?
Which of the following consonants is a bilabial?
Which of the following consonants is a bilabial?
Which of the following words is an example of a labiodental?
Which of the following words is an example of a labiodental?
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What is the phonetic transcription of the word 'thin'?
What is the phonetic transcription of the word 'thin'?
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What is the phonetic transcription of the word 'treasure'?
What is the phonetic transcription of the word 'treasure'?
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Which of the following is NOT an alveolar consonant?
Which of the following is NOT an alveolar consonant?
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What is the place of articulation for the consonant [h]?
What is the place of articulation for the consonant [h]?
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What happens to the air when a voiceless sound is made?
What happens to the air when a voiceless sound is made?
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Which of the following is an example of an interdental?
Which of the following is an example of an interdental?
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Study Notes
Phonetic Transcription
- The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system that represents each sound of human speech with a single symbol.
- IPA symbols are enclosed in brackets [ ] or / /.
- IPA transcription can be used across languages.
- There is one symbol for every possible human sound.
- There is a 1-1 correspondence of sound to symbol.
Transcription Practice
- Transcribe words using IPA symbols:
- Kick: [kIk]
- Boot: [but]
- She: [ʃi]
- The: [ðә]
- Thin: [θɪn]
Consonants
- Velars: produced by the back of the tongue and soft palate (velum)
- [k]: kill, kid, cold, car, cook, kick, coke
- [g]: go, gun, give, bag, mug, plague
- Velars can also be nasalized: [ŋ] (angma)
- Glottals: no active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth
- [h]: have, house, who, whose
Classification of Sounds
- Consonants can be classified by:
- Place of articulation
- Manner of articulation
- Voicing (voiceless or voiced)
Places of Articulation
- Bilabials: sounds formed using both upper and lower lips
- [b], [p], [m], [w]
- Labiodentals: sounds formed using upper teeth and lower lip
- [f], [v]
- Dentals: sounds formed by the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth
- [θ], [ð]
- Alveolars: sounds formed by the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
- [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l], [r]
- Palatals: sounds formed by the tongue and palate
- [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ], [j]
- Glottals: sounds formed by the glottis (space between vocal cords and larynx)
- [h]
Manner of Articulation
- Stops: [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g]
- Fricatives: [f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ], [h]
- Affricates: [tʃ], [dʒ]
- Nasals: [m], [n], [ŋ]
- Liquids: [l], [r]
- Glides: [w], [j]
Voiced and Voiceless Sounds
- Voiced sounds: vocal cords are drawn together, air from lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through (vibration)
- Voiceless sounds: vocal cords are spread apart, air from lungs passes through unimpeded (no vibration)
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Description
Learn the basics of phonetic transcription using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and practice transcribing words with IPA symbols.
