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What is the primary purpose of intravenous therapy?
What is the primary purpose of intravenous therapy?
Which blood type can only receive blood from type O?
Which blood type can only receive blood from type O?
Which type of crystalloid solution dehydrates cells?
Which type of crystalloid solution dehydrates cells?
What should be monitored when administering hypotonic solutions?
What should be monitored when administering hypotonic solutions?
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What type of antigens do individuals with blood type B have?
What type of antigens do individuals with blood type B have?
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Which solution is considered isotonic?
Which solution is considered isotonic?
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Who can receive blood from a type AB donor?
Who can receive blood from a type AB donor?
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Which blood group is considered a universal donor?
Which blood group is considered a universal donor?
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What is a potential adverse effect of administering large amounts of colloids?
What is a potential adverse effect of administering large amounts of colloids?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of isotonic crystalloid solutions?
Which of the following is NOT a component of isotonic crystalloid solutions?
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Which of the following is NOT screened for during blood donation?
Which of the following is NOT screened for during blood donation?
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What is the primary action of hypertonic solutions on cells?
What is the primary action of hypertonic solutions on cells?
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What determines a person's Rh factor?
What determines a person's Rh factor?
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In which situation would intravenous therapy be most critical?
In which situation would intravenous therapy be most critical?
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What is the purpose of cross matching in blood transfusions?
What is the purpose of cross matching in blood transfusions?
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Individuals with which blood type do NOT produce antibodies against A or B antigens?
Individuals with which blood type do NOT produce antibodies against A or B antigens?
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What position should a female patient be placed in for the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter?
What position should a female patient be placed in for the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter?
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To minimize the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), what is the appropriate size of the catheter a nurse should use?
To minimize the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), what is the appropriate size of the catheter a nurse should use?
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Why should a male patient be instructed to take slow, deep breaths during indwelling catheter insertion?
Why should a male patient be instructed to take slow, deep breaths during indwelling catheter insertion?
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What is the best action to assess before inserting a catheter to prevent allergic reactions?
What is the best action to assess before inserting a catheter to prevent allergic reactions?
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Which catheter insertion technique is recommended to reduce trauma to the urethra?
Which catheter insertion technique is recommended to reduce trauma to the urethra?
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Which statement best describes the goal of bladder irrigation or cystoclysis using a triple-lumen catheter?
Which statement best describes the goal of bladder irrigation or cystoclysis using a triple-lumen catheter?
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During the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter, if the patient reports resistance or pain, what should the nurse do?
During the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter, if the patient reports resistance or pain, what should the nurse do?
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What is the primary objective of positioning a patient correctly during catheter insertion?
What is the primary objective of positioning a patient correctly during catheter insertion?
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What is the primary purpose of a tourniquet?
What is the primary purpose of a tourniquet?
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At what height above the venipuncture site should a tourniquet be applied?
At what height above the venipuncture site should a tourniquet be applied?
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Which symptom is associated with air embolism through IV tubing?
Which symptom is associated with air embolism through IV tubing?
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What should be done when infiltration occurs at an IV site?
What should be done when infiltration occurs at an IV site?
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What is a symptom of circulatory overload?
What is a symptom of circulatory overload?
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Which treatment is recommended for phlebitis?
Which treatment is recommended for phlebitis?
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What is an indication of hematoma at an IV site?
What is an indication of hematoma at an IV site?
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Which of the following is a symptom of infection at an IV site?
Which of the following is a symptom of infection at an IV site?
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What immediate action should be taken when extravasation occurs?
What immediate action should be taken when extravasation occurs?
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What intervention is appropriate for a patient experiencing dyspnea due to circulatory overload?
What intervention is appropriate for a patient experiencing dyspnea due to circulatory overload?
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What is the purpose of a jejunostomy?
What is the purpose of a jejunostomy?
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What is the normal range for potassium levels in mEq/L?
What is the normal range for potassium levels in mEq/L?
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Which of the following foods would you classify as a full liquid diet?
Which of the following foods would you classify as a full liquid diet?
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What are the normal hemoglobin levels for a male in g/dL?
What are the normal hemoglobin levels for a male in g/dL?
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How is an oro-gastric tube measured?
How is an oro-gastric tube measured?
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What is the normal total cholesterol level in mg/dL?
What is the normal total cholesterol level in mg/dL?
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What is the normal range for chloride levels in mmol/L?
What is the normal range for chloride levels in mmol/L?
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What are the normal values for white blood cell (WBC) count?
What are the normal values for white blood cell (WBC) count?
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Which food item is NOT considered part of a clear liquid diet?
Which food item is NOT considered part of a clear liquid diet?
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What is the normal range for triglycerides in mg/dL?
What is the normal range for triglycerides in mg/dL?
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Study Notes
Intravenous Therapy (IVT)
- IV therapy involves administering fluids and medications directly into the bloodstream through a vein for rapid action.
- Nurses are responsible for IVT administration and patient education, particularly for those unable to consume adequate food and fluids orally.
Purposes of IV Therapy
- Supplies fluids when oral intake is insufficient.
- Provides electrolytes to prevent imbalances.
- Supplies glucose for metabolism.
- Offers water-soluble vitamins and medications.
- Establishes access for urgently needed medications.
IV Fluid Solutions
- Crystalloids: Small molecules, categorized into hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions.
- Colloids: Large molecules that remain longer in the intravascular space, such as fresh frozen plasma and albumin; can cause CHF in large amounts.
Crystalloid Solutions
- Hypertonic: Higher concentration than body fluids (e.g., 5% saline, D5NS), leads to cell dehydration and shrinkage; monitor for fluid overload.
- Hypotonic: Lower concentration than body fluids (e.g., 0.45% saline, D5W), causes cell swelling; monitor blood pressure.
- Isotonic: Same concentration as intracellular fluid (e.g., 0.9% saline), remains in intravascular space without fluid shifts.
IV Computation
- To calculate infusion rates: (# of volume in cc / # of hours) x (df gtts/ml) = gtts/min.
Common Complications of IV Therapy
- Air Embolism: Symptoms include tachycardia and chest pain; treat by clamping tubing and positioning the patient.
- Infiltration: Symptoms include pain and swelling; treat by removing the IV and applying warm compress.
- Infection: Symptoms include fever and redness; treat by removing IV and administering antibiotics.
- Circulatory Overload: Symptoms include high blood pressure and dyspnea; treat by decreasing flow rate and elevating the head.
- Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein; treat with IV removal and notifying HCP.
- Hematoma: Blood collection in tissues; treat by elevating the extremity and applying pressure.
- Extravasation: Caused by vesicant drugs; treat by stopping the infusion and notifying HCP.
Blood Typing and Components
- Blood groups are determined by ABO antigens: Type A, B, AB, and O.
- Rh factor indicates if blood is Rh-positive or negative.
- Universal Donor: Type O; Universal Receiver: Type AB.
Blood Typing and Cross-Matching
- Blood typing determines blood group and Rh factor.
- Cross-matching identifies antigen-antibody interactions to avoid complications.
Catheter Guidelines
- For indwelling urinary catheters, using the smallest size possible minimizes risk for CAUTI.
- Proper positioning varies by gender; females are placed in dorsal recumbent or lithotomy positions, while males are supine.
Nutrition Support
- Gastronomy and Jejunostomy: Provide long-term nutritional support through a tube surgically placed in the stomach or jejunum.
Diet Examples
- Clear Liquid Diet: Includes clear liquids and broths.
- Full Liquid Diet: Adds dairy products and pureed foods.
- Soft Diet: Incorporates soft foods for digestibility.
Normal Lab Values
-
Electrolytes:
- Sodium: 136-145 mEq/L
- Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
- Glucose: 70-99 mg/dL
-
Hematology:
- Hemoglobin: Females 12-16 g/dL; Males 14-18 g/dL
- Platelets: 150,000-350,000/µL
-
Lipids:
- Total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL
- HDL: Females <50 mg/dL; Males <40 mg/dL
Important Considerations
- Blood donation is voluntary and requires rigorous screening for diseases.
- Always assess patients for allergies before catheter insertion.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the principles and responsibilities associated with intravenous therapy (IVT). It covers the administration of IV medications and fluids, their rapid action in restoring fluid volume, and the importance of client education about IVT. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals.