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What is the primary concern when administering isotonic solutions to patients with renal or cardiac disease?
What is the effect of placing a cell in a hypertonic solution?
What is the primary use of hypertonic solutions?
What is the characteristic of isotonic solutions?
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What is the effect of administering hypotonic solutions to patients?
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What is the primary complication of administering intravenous solutions to patients with a history of heart failure or hypertension?
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What is the primary purpose of measuring intake and output in patients receiving intravenous therapy?
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What is the characteristic of hypotonic solutions?
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What is the primary cause of phlebitis in peripheral IV therapy?
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What is the first step in managing phlebitis during IV therapy?
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What is a common sign of phlebitis during IV therapy?
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What is a potential complication of IV therapy besides phlebitis?
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What should be documented after managing phlebitis?
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What should be done with the IV device when a local infection is suspected?
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What is the primary action to take when infiltration occurs during IV infusion?
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What is a sign of phlebitis?
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Why should IV flow-control devices be used for older and pediatric patients?
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What should be documented during IV therapy?
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What is a common cause of infiltration?
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Why is regular monitoring of IV flow rate important?
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What is a sign of fluid overload?
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What should be done if phlebitis occurs during IV infusion?
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IV flow-control devices should be used for all patients when administering IV fluids.
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If phlebitis occurs, the injured vein can be reused.
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Infiltration occurs when the IV fluid flows into the client's vein.
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Monitoring IV flow rate regularly is only necessary when the solution is not administered through an IV pump.
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Signs of fluid overload include decreased heart rate and decreased respirations.
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Patient movement cannot cause the catheter to slip out or through the blood vessel lumen.
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Only document the total amount of fluid administered during IV therapy.
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Phlebitis is the inflammation of the surrounding tissue.
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Phlebitis is a complication of peripheral IV therapy that is usually associated with basic solutions or solutions that have a low osmolarity.
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The sign of phlebitis includes numbness at the site of the tip of the catheter or along the path of the vein.
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The management of phlebitis includes repositioning the IV catheter.
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Infection of IV site is a systemic infection that occurs at the insertion site.
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The management of local infection includes removing the IV device and discontinuing the infusion.
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Elevating the limb is not necessary to increase patient comfort during IV therapy.
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A ______________ clamp is used to regulate the speed, or stop, an infusion by gravity.
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Macro-drip IV tubing is used for ______________ infusions for adults.
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Micro-drip IV tubing is used in ______________ care where small amounts of fluids are administered over a long period of time.
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The drop factor is located on the ______________ of the IV tubing and is important to verify when calculating medication administration rates.
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Macro-drip infusion sets deliver ______________ drops per milliliter.
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A micro-drip infusion set delivers ______________ drops per milliliter.
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The primary purpose of IV infusion therapy is to ______________ fluid and electrolyte balance.
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IV therapy is used to administer ______________ medications, blood or blood products, and diagnostic agents and anesthesia.
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The physician determines the type of solution and the rate it will be administered depending on the ______________ patient’s electrolyte values.
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On average, most adults need ______________ mls/24 hours to replace fluids lost.
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Fluid loss can be altered by increases in ______________ and hemorrhage.
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Anyone receiving an intravenous solution is placed on ______________ and output.
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Vascular access is established when patients require ______________ therapy or hemodynamic monitoring.
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Competence and dexterity are essential for safe patient care to avoid risks associated with ______________ access.
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Bubble formation in the line is fine, but _______________ bubbles should be removed.
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To remove bubbles, keep running _______________ through the line.
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In IV infusion pumps, the rate is set at _______________ per hour.
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The physician's order for Ms. Ellis is to infuse 0.9% NaCl at a rate of _______________ per hour.
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The drop factor of the IV administration set is found on the label of the _______________ package.
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When a new bag is spiked, the
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At the end of the shift, the
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Study Notes
Intravenous Solutions
- Isotonic solutions (0.9% Sodium Chloride, Lactated Ringer's, and Dextrose 5% in water) have the same osmolality as body fluids and can cause fluid overload in patients with renal or cardiac disease.
- Isotonic solutions stay in the vessels because they are the same concentration as body fluids.
- Examples of isotonic solutions include 0.9% sodium chloride solution, Lactated Ringer's, and D5W.
- Uses of isotonic solutions include expanding fluid volume and serving as standard flush solutions for blood transfusions.
Hypertonic Solutions
- Hypertonic solutions contain a high concentration of solute compared to another solution.
- When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water diffuses out of the cell, causing it to shrivel.
- Examples of hypertonic solutions include D10W and 3% NaCl.
- Uses of hypertonic solutions include pulling fluid from cells.
Hypotonic Solutions
- Hypotonic solutions contain a low concentration of solute compared to another solution.
- When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water diffuses into the cell, causing it to swell.
- Examples of hypotonic solutions include 0.45% sodium chloride solution and 0.33% NaCl.
- Uses of hypotonic solutions include promoting fluid flow into cells and expanding the intracellular compartment.
Possible Complications
- Patients on IV therapy are closely monitored for complications, including electrolyte imbalances, edema, and fluid overload, especially in patients with a history of heart failure or hypertension.
- Accurate measurement of intake and output is crucial for patients receiving IV therapy.
IV Therapy Complications
- Infiltration occurs when IV fluid or medications leak into surrounding tissue, causing swelling, discomfort, burning, and/or tightness, cool skin and blanching, and decreased or stopped flow rate.
- Causes of infiltration include improper placement or dislodgment of the catheter, and patient movement.
- Management of infiltration involves stopping the infusion, removing the device, elevating the limb to increase patient comfort, and applying a warm compress.
Phlebitis
- Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, often associated with acidic or alkaline solutions, high osmolarity solutions, vein trauma during insertion, using an inappropriate IV catheter size, or prolonged use of the same IV site.
- Signs and symptoms of phlebitis include redness or tenderness at the site of the catheter tip or along the path of the vein, puffiness over the vein, and warmth around the insertion site.
- Management of phlebitis involves stopping the infusion, applying warm, moist compresses to the area, and documenting the patient's condition and interventions.
Infection of IV Site
- Local or systemic infection is another potential complication of IV therapy, characterized by redness and discharge at the IV site and elevated temperature.
- Management of infection involves stopping the infusion, notifying the prescriber, removing the device, culturing the site and catheter as ordered, and monitoring the patient's vital signs.
Nursing Considerations
- Regularly monitor IV flow rate, even with IV pumps, to prevent complications.
- Assess patients regularly for signs of fluid overload, including increased heart rate, increased respirations, and increased lung congestion.
- Use IV flow-control devices for older and pediatric patients to minimize risk of fluid overload.
- Proper documentation of all findings, including the total amount of fluid administered and any adverse responses, is essential.
IV Therapy Complications
- Infiltration occurs when IV fluid or medications leak into surrounding tissue, causing swelling, discomfort, burning, and/or tightness, cool skin and blanching, and decreased or stopped flow rate.
- Causes of infiltration include improper placement or dislodgment of the catheter, and patient movement.
- Management of infiltration involves stopping the infusion, removing the device, elevating the limb to increase patient comfort, and applying a warm compress.
Phlebitis
- Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, often associated with acidic or alkaline solutions, high osmolarity solutions, vein trauma during insertion, using an inappropriate IV catheter size, or prolonged use of the same IV site.
- Signs and symptoms of phlebitis include redness or tenderness at the site of the catheter tip or along the path of the vein, puffiness over the vein, and warmth around the insertion site.
- Management of phlebitis involves stopping the infusion, applying warm, moist compresses to the area, and documenting the patient's condition and interventions.
Infection of IV Site
- Local or systemic infection is another potential complication of IV therapy, characterized by redness and discharge at the IV site and elevated temperature.
- Management of infection involves stopping the infusion, notifying the prescriber, removing the device, culturing the site and catheter as ordered, and monitoring the patient's vital signs.
Nursing Considerations
- Regularly monitor IV flow rate, even with IV pumps, to prevent complications.
- Assess patients regularly for signs of fluid overload, including increased heart rate, increased respirations, and increased lung congestion.
- Use IV flow-control devices for older and pediatric patients to minimize risk of fluid overload.
- Proper documentation of all findings, including the total amount of fluid administered and any adverse responses, is essential.
IV Infusion Pumps
- IV infusion pumps deliver fluid at an accurate rate and have built-in safety features, such as air detection in the lines.
- They reduce the risk of fluid running in too fast and assist in detecting infiltration or occlusions.
Programming Infusion Pumps
- Pumps are set at a rate of ml/hour, as stated in the physician's order.
- The "rate" on the pump display shows the infusion rate, and "VTBI" indicates the volume to be infused.
IV Therapy
- IV therapy is used to correct or maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, administer medications, and correct or maintain nutritional status.
- Vascular access is established for patients requiring infusion therapy or hemodynamic monitoring.
Advantages and Disadvantages of IV Therapy
- Advantages: used when other routes are not possible, rapid absorption, faster effect.
- Disadvantages: no way to retrieve medication, risk of fluid overload, complications occur quickly.
Physician's Determination
- The physician determines the type of solution and administration rate based on: fluid loss, lab test results, age, and health history.
Fluid Requirements
- Adults need approximately 2500ml/24 hours to replace lost fluids.
- Fluid loss can be altered by factors such as increased metabolism, hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive drainage from wounds.
IV Administration
- Patients receiving IV solutions are placed on intake and output.
- Roller clamps are used to regulate the speed or stop an infusion by gravity.
Drop Factors and IV Tubing
- The drop factor is located on the IV tubing packaging and is important for calculating medication administration rates.
- Macro-drip sets are used for routine primary infusions for adults, while micro-drip IV tubing is used in pediatric or neonatal care.
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of intravenous solutions, including isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, and their effects on the body. Learn about the risks and benefits of each type.
