Intravenous Fluids and Therapies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of isotonic fluids?

They have a total osmolality lower than that of the ECF, causing cells to swell.

They have a total osmolality close to that of the ECF and do not cause cells to shrink or swell. (correct)

They do not affect the osmolality of the ECF.

They have a total osmolality higher than that of the ECF, causing cells to shrink.

How much does 1 liter of isotonic fluid expand the ECF volume?

0.5 L

1 L (correct)

0.75 L

0.25 L

What component of the ECF does 1 liter of isotonic solution expand by 0.25 L?

Plasma (correct)

Interstitial fluid

Lymph

Intracellular fluid

What type of solution is plasma?

Colloidal solution Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure do colloidal solutions exert?

Oncotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients with heart failure or hypertension who receive isotonic solutions be carefully monitored?

For signs of fluid overload Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about D5W solution?

It may be both isotonic and hypotonic Signup and view all the answers

What happens to D5W solution after it is given?

Glucose is rapidly metabolized, and it becomes a hypotonic fluid Signup and view all the answers

Why should the action of D5W be considered, especially in patients at risk for increased intracranial pressure?

Because it becomes hypotonic after metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Why should D5W solution not be used during fluid resuscitation?

Because hyperglycemia can result Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution is used to supply water and correct increased serum osmolality, providing less than 170 kcal per 1 L?

D5W Signup and view all the answers

What does normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) solution primarily contain?

Water, sodium, and chloride Signup and view all the answers

Which solution contains potassium and calcium, and is used to correct dehydration, blood loss, and sodium depletion?

Lactated Ringer’s solution Signup and view all the answers

What are hypotonic solutions primarily used for?

Replace fluid and provide free water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fluids are used for sodium depletion and acute cerebral edema, pulling water from interstitial and intracellular compartments?

3% NaCl and IV mannitol Signup and view all the answers

What happens when D5W is added to normal saline or lactated Ringer’s solution?

Creates hypertonic solutions, but the effect on the intracellular compartment is temporary Signup and view all the answers

What do saline solutions with osmolar concentrations greater than that of the ECF do to cells?

Draw water from the ICF to the ECF and cause cells to shrink Signup and view all the answers

Where should hypertonic solutions be administered to be diluted by rapid blood flow?

Central veins Signup and view all the answers

What must the nurse assess the patient for when administering IV medications due to the potential for immediate hypersensitivity reactions?

History of allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What are IV routes primarily used for?

Meet nutritional requirements, administer colloids, plasma expanders, blood products, and medications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a blood product administered through IV routes?

Whole blood Signup and view all the answers

Why do IV medications require careful administration rates and dilutions?

They can potentially cause adverse reactions quickly after administration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intravenous Fluids and Therapies Overview

D5W is used to supply water and correct increased serum osmolality, providing less than 170 kcal per 1 L.
Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) solution contains water, sodium, and chloride, used to correct extracellular volume deficit and expand intravascular volume.
Lactated Ringer’s solution contains potassium and calcium, used to correct dehydration, blood loss, and sodium depletion, and to replace GI losses.
Hypotonic solutions are used to replace fluid and provide free water, and for treating hypernatremia and hyperosmolar conditions.
Hypertonic fluids include 3% NaCl and IV mannitol, used for sodium depletion and acute cerebral edema, pulling water from interstitial and intracellular compartments.
D5W added to normal saline or lactated Ringer’s solution creates hypertonic solutions, but the effect on the intracellular compartment is temporary.
Saline solutions with osmolar concentrations greater than that of the ECF draw water from the ICF to the ECF and cause cells to shrink.
Hypertonic solutions should be administered into central veins to be diluted by rapid blood flow, and given cautiously when serum osmolality is dangerously low.
The nurse must assess the patient for a history of allergic reactions when administering IV medications due to the potential for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
IV routes are used to meet nutritional requirements, administer colloids, plasma expanders, blood products, and medications.
Blood products administered through IV routes include whole blood, packed RBCs, fresh-frozen plasma, albumin, and cryoprecipitate.
IV medications can potentially cause adverse reactions quickly after administration, requiring careful administration rates and dilutions.

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Description

Test your knowledge of intravenous fluids and therapies with this quiz. Explore the uses and effects of different IV solutions, routes, and medications, as well as considerations for administration and potential adverse reactions.