Questions and Answers
What is an abortion?
Either elective or spontaneous < 20 weeks gestation or weight < 500 grams
What is a premature infant?
20-36 weeks gestation or 1000 - 2,500 grams
What is a full-term infant?
After 37-42 weeks gestation or > 2,500 grams
What is a post-mature infant?
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How is obstetrical history abbreviated?
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When is fetal movement (quickening) felt for nulliparas?
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When is fetal movement (quickening) felt for multiparas?
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What are physiologic signs of pregnancy?
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What is typical uterine growth during pregnancy at 12 weeks?
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What is a normal fetal heart rate?
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What important laboratory value changes occur during pregnancy?
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What labs are obtained at the first prenatal visit?
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What should be performed at every prenatal visit?
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What is the recommended amount of weight gain during pregnancy for average weight women?
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How is nutrition affected by pregnancy?
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What should be avoided during pregnancy?
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Study Notes
Abortion
- Abortion is defined as either elective or spontaneous termination of pregnancy occurring before 20 weeks gestation or when fetal weight is less than 500 grams.
Premature Infant
- A premature infant is born between 20 and 36 weeks of gestation, weighing between 1,000 and 2,500 grams.
Full-Term Infant
- A full-term infant is delivered after 37 weeks but before 42 weeks of gestation, typically weighing more than 2,500 grams.
Post-Mature Infant
- A post-mature infant is one that is born after 42 weeks of gestation.
Obstetrical History Abbreviation
- Obstetrical history is abbreviated as G_P T P A L:
- T indicates total number of full-term pregnancies (37-42 weeks).
- P indicates total number of preterm pregnancies (20-36 weeks).
- A indicates total number of abortions before 20 weeks.
- L indicates total number of living children.
- Note: Twins count as one pregnancy but two live children.
Fetal Movement (Quickening)
- Fetal movement, or quickening, is typically felt at:
- 18-20 weeks by nulliparas (first-time mothers).
- 14-16 weeks by multiparas (mothers with previous pregnancies).
Physiologic Signs of Pregnancy
- Chadwick's sign: bluish discoloration of the vagina and cervix.
- Increased basal body temperature.
- Skin changes include melasma/chloasma (dark facial patches) and linea nigra (vertical abdominal line).
- Hegar's sign: palpable softening between the fundus and cervix.
Uterine Growth During Pregnancy
- At 12 weeks: uterus is at the symphysis pubis.
- At 20 weeks: uterus reaches the umbilicus.
- After 20 weeks: the uterus grows approximately 1 cm for each week of gestation.
Normal Fetal Heart Rate
- A normal fetal heart rate ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute.
- Fetal heart rate becomes visible on ultrasound at 6 weeks gestation.
Laboratory Value Changes in Pregnancy
- Cholesterol levels typically increase during pregnancy; if elevated, it is normal to repeat cholesterol testing at the 6-week postpartum visit.
- Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels generally decrease.
Labs at First Prenatal Visit
- Key labs conducted include:
- Complete blood count (CBC), blood type, RH factor.
- Antibodies to blood group antigens.
- Random glucose, VDRL (RPR), Hepatitis B, Rubella.
- Urine analysis, Pap smear (if within one year), Group B streptococcus.
- Additional testing as indicated for sickle cell trait, cystic fibrosis, and Tay-Sachs.
Regular Prenatal Visit Assessments
- At every prenatal visit, the following should be performed:
- Maternal weight and blood pressure.
- Fundal height measurement and assessment of fetal size and presenting part.
- Urine dipstick for protein, glucose, and ketones.
Recommended Weight Gain
- Recommended weight gain during pregnancy varies:
- Average weight women: 20-35 pounds.
- Underweight women: 40-45 pounds.
- Overweight women: 10-15 pounds.
Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy
- Nutrition during pregnancy requires increased caloric intake:
- An additional 300 kcal/day is recommended.
- Essential nutrients include folic acid (0.4 mg/day) and iron (30 mg/day).
Avoidances During Pregnancy
- Pregnant individuals should avoid:
- Smoking, alcohol, and drugs (teratogens).
- Unpasteurized foods (e.g., apple cider, soft cheeses) due to listeria risk.
- Raw meats and seafood to prevent listeria.
- Deli meats due to the risk of listeria.
- Certain fish high in mercury (e.g., king mackerel, shark, swordfish, tuna, tilefish).
- Farmed salmon due to PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).
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Description
This quiz provides flashcards covering key definitions related to intrauterine pregnancy (IUP). You'll learn about different types of pregnancies and infant classifications, including abortion, premature, full-term, and post-mature infants. Test your knowledge and strengthen your understanding of these essential concepts in obstetrics.
