Intrapleural Pressure and Pulmonary Ventilation

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What is the primary factor that determines the resistance to airflow in the lungs?

The diameter of the bronchiole (correct)

The pressure difference between the atmosphere and intrapulmonary pressure

The surface tension of the alveoli

The elasticity of the lung tissue

How does the relationship between flow, pressure, and resistance in pulmonary ventilation typically occur?

F = ΔP × R

ΔP = F ÷ R

F = ΔP ÷ R (correct)

ΔP = F × R

What happens to the resistance in the airways when the bronchiole constricts?

It becomes insignificant

It increases (correct)

It remains the same

It decreases

In healthy lungs, what is typically true about airway resistance?

It offers little resistance to airflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between gas flow and resistance in pulmonary ventilation?

Gas flow is inversely proportional to resistance Signup and view all the answers

Why is resistance usually insignificant in the first part of the conducting zone?

Due to the large airway diameters Signup and view all the answers

What is the total pressure exerted by all gases in the atmosphere?

760 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

According to Dalton's Law, what is the relationship between the partial pressure of a gas and its percentage in the atmosphere?

The partial pressure is directly proportional to its percentage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that governs the movement of gases between the alveoli and blood in the lungs?

Henry's Law Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is more soluble in water?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of gas exchange?

The alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What determines the rate at which a gas dissolves in a liquid?

The partial pressure of the gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the negative intrapleural pressure?

To keep the lungs inflated Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that reduces the surface tension of alveolar fluid?

Surfactant Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pleural cavity as the lung moves away from the thoracic wall?

It becomes slightly larger Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the elasticity of the thoracic wall on the pleural cavity?

It increases the size of the pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the combination of the three main factors that contribute to negative intrapleural pressure?

The lungs are inflated Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the force exerted by the surface tension of alveolar fluid on the lung?

Inward Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of restrictive disorders on total lung capacity?

Reduction in total lung capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring forced vital capacity (FVC)?

To measure the amount of gas forcibly and rapidly expelled after taking a deep breath Signup and view all the answers

In obstructive diseases, what changes occur in TLC, FRC, and RV?

Increase in TLC, FRC, and RV Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between alveolar ventilation rate and minute ventilation?

AVR measures gas flow into the alveoli, while minute ventilation measures total gas flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of non-respiratory air movements?

They result from reflex actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of gas diffusion during gas exchange?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in opposite directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary response of local arterioles to a low PO2 in the alveoli?

Vasoconstriction to redirect blood flow Signup and view all the answers

When airflow through a bronchiole is higher than normal, what is the resulting effect on PCO2?

PCO2 decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a thickened respiratory membrane on gas exchange?

Impaired gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adaptation of the bronchioles to changes in airflow and blood supply?

Constriction in response to low airflow and dilation in response to high airflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a reduction in alveolar surface area on gas exchange?