Chemical Bonding
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of intramolecular hydrogen bond formation in certain molecules?

  • Enhanced association of molecules
  • Disproportionation of molecules
  • Increased reactivity of molecules
  • Negligible effect on physical properties (correct)

    • In which of the following compounds does hydrogen bonding affect dissociation in aqueous solution?

  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Sulfuric acid
  • Hydrogen fluoride (correct)
  • Acetic acid

    • What is the characteristic feature of the cage-like structure of water molecules in solid ice?

  • Tetrahedral linking of four water molecules (correct)
  • Octahedral arrangement of water molecules
  • Linear arrangement of water molecules
  • Tetrahedral linking of two water molecules

    • What is the temperature at which water exhibits maximum density?

    <p>277K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the hydrogen bond formed in HF, compared to the covalent O-H bond?

    <p>1.77 Å and 0.99 Å (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the solubility of lower alcohols in water?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding between water and alcohol molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do compounds with hydrogen bonding exhibit abnormally high melting and boiling points?

    <p>Because of the strong intermolecular forces between molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the solubility of a compound in water?

    <p>It decreases the solubility of the compound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is o-nitrophenol sparingly soluble in water, while p-nitrophenol is completely soluble?

    <p>Due to the difference in the orientation of the –OH group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy requirement for the formation of a chemical bond?

    <p>The energy of the aggregate formed is about 40 kJ mole lower than the separate particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increase in density of water upon heating up to 277K?

    <p>Breaking of hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the higher boiling points of compounds with intermolecular hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hydrogen bonding on the solubility of compounds in covalent solvents?

    <p>It increases the solubility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the higher viscosity and surface tension of substances with hydrogen bonding?

    <p>Stronger intermolecular forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of temperature on the extent of hydrogen bonding?

    <p>It decreases the extent of hydrogen bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition for the formation of a covalent bond?

    <p>The combining atoms should be short by 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the valency shell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds violates the octet rule?

    <p>PCl5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a polar covalent bond?

    <p>The electronegativity difference between the atoms is large. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the formation of a covalent bond, in terms of electronegativity?

    <p>The electronegativity difference between the atoms should be zero or very small. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

    <p>They exist as gases or liquids under normal conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the covalency of an element in a group?

    <p>8 - [Number of the group to which element belongs] (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which covalent compounds can conduct electricity in a solid state?

    <p>Graphite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some covalent compounds show variable covalency?

    <p>Due to the presence of vacant d-orbitals in their valency shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of covalent bonds?

    <p>They are rigid and directional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are covalent substances generally insoluble in polar solvents like water?

    <p>Because they have a non-polar nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the bond in coordinate covalent compounds?

    <p>The bond is rigid and directional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are coordinate covalent compounds sparingly soluble in polar solvents like water?

    <p>Because they have a low dielectric constant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for dipole moment?

    <p>Debye (D) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Lewis octet rule?

    <p>A rule that states that all atoms have a full outer energy level of eight electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the formation of a covalent bond?

    <p>The atoms must have a low electronegativity difference. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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