30 Questions
What is the role of T helper cells (CD4+) in the immune system?
Enhances humoral and cellular immune responses coordination
Which type of immunity is mainly responsible for fighting extracellular pathogens like bacteria?
Humoral immunity
Which component is key in cellular immunity and is responsible for directly killing infected cells?
Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+)
Which lymphocyte type is primarily part of the innate immune system?
Natural killer cells (NK cells)
Which type of immunity is mainly effective against intracellular pathogens such as certain viruses and bacteria?
Cellular immunity
Which type of white cell is associated with the innate immune system and is involved in ingesting foreign particles?
Monocytes / macrophages
What is the role of CD4+ helper T cells in the immune system?
Secrete antibodies to clear pathogens
Which part of the immune system is adapted to clearing intracellular pathogens?
Adaptive immune system
How do CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes contribute to immunity?
Kill infected human cells
Which immune cells have the ability to detect viral antigens expressed by infected cells?
Dendritic cells
In which type of infection do CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in clearing pathogens?
Intracellular pathogen infection
What is the primary function of B cells when stimulated by helper T cells?
Produce antibodies
What is the primary function of central tolerance in lymphocyte development?
To eliminate self-reactive clones or convert them into Treg cells
How do innate and adaptive immune responses interplay to clear a pathogen?
Innate responses trigger adaptive responses through antigen presentation
What is the role of immunological memory in adaptive immunity?
To provide long-term protection against specific pathogens through antigen-specific T cells and B cells
How do cancer cells evade the adaptive immune system?
By downregulating MHC I expression to avoid recognition by T cells
What type of immunity is involved in the production of antibodies against pathogens?
Humoral immunity
What is the primary function of peripheral tolerance in adaptive immunity?
To induce anergy or regulatory T cell activity in mature T cells
What is the primary function of professional antigen-presenting cells in humoral immunity?
To present antigen to helper T cells via MHC class II
What type of pathogens is humoral immunity primarily responsible for fighting off?
Extracellular pathogens such as bacteria
What is the role of activated CD8+ cells in cellular immunity?
To directly kill infected cells
What is a key characteristic of all nucleated human cells?
They have the ability to present antigen via MHC class I
What is the primary difference between humoral and cellular immunity?
Humoral immunity fights off extracellular pathogens, while cellular immunity fights off intracellular pathogens
What type of T cells are triggered by professional antigen-presenting cells in humoral immunity?
Helper T cells
What is the key cytokine that promotes CD8+ cell differentiation and proliferation in response to viruses?
Interferon-ɣ
How do CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill virus-infected cells?
Release cytotoxic compounds like perforin, granzymes, and granulysin
Which type of T lymphocytes assist macrophages to kill microbes they have ingested?
CD4+ helper T lymphocytes
What is the main function of innate immune responses when a pathogen breaches the epithelial or mucosal barrier?
Detect and initiate a rapid response to the pathogen
What happens to the immune response once the invading pathogen is cleared?
The stimulus for the immune response is removed
Which type of immune response shows specificity and memory to provide a targeted response to the foreign pathogen?
Adaptive immune response
Explore the challenges that the immune system faces in clearing intracellular infections such as viral and bacterial infections. Learn about the broad divisions of adaptive immunity and the role of T helper cells in coordinating immune responses.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
