WK 11: Basic Immunology 2

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What is the role of T helper cells (CD4+) in the immune system?

Produces antibodies

Fights against intracellular pathogens

Directly kills infected or damaged cells

Enhances humoral and cellular immune responses coordination (correct)

Which type of immunity is mainly responsible for fighting extracellular pathogens like bacteria?

Cellular immunity

Innate immune system

Humoral immunity (correct)

Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+)

Which component is key in cellular immunity and is responsible for directly killing infected cells?

Plasma cells

NK cells

Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+) (correct)

B cells

Which lymphocyte type is primarily part of the innate immune system?

Natural killer cells (NK cells) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is mainly effective against intracellular pathogens such as certain viruses and bacteria?

Cellular immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white cell is associated with the innate immune system and is involved in ingesting foreign particles?

Monocytes / macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CD4+ helper T cells in the immune system?

Secrete antibodies to clear pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the immune system is adapted to clearing intracellular pathogens?

Adaptive immune system Signup and view all the answers

How do CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes contribute to immunity?

Kill infected human cells Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells have the ability to detect viral antigens expressed by infected cells?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

In which type of infection do CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in clearing pathogens?

Intracellular pathogen infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of B cells when stimulated by helper T cells?

Produce antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of central tolerance in lymphocyte development?

To eliminate self-reactive clones or convert them into Treg cells Signup and view all the answers

How do innate and adaptive immune responses interplay to clear a pathogen?

Innate responses trigger adaptive responses through antigen presentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of immunological memory in adaptive immunity?

To provide long-term protection against specific pathogens through antigen-specific T cells and B cells Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells evade the adaptive immune system?

By downregulating MHC I expression to avoid recognition by T cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is involved in the production of antibodies against pathogens?

Humoral immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peripheral tolerance in adaptive immunity?

To induce anergy or regulatory T cell activity in mature T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of professional antigen-presenting cells in humoral immunity?

To present antigen to helper T cells via MHC class II Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogens is humoral immunity primarily responsible for fighting off?

Extracellular pathogens such as bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of activated CD8+ cells in cellular immunity?

To directly kill infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of all nucleated human cells?

They have the ability to present antigen via MHC class I Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

Humoral immunity fights off extracellular pathogens, while cellular immunity fights off intracellular pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What type of T cells are triggered by professional antigen-presenting cells in humoral immunity?

Helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the key cytokine that promotes CD8+ cell differentiation and proliferation in response to viruses?

Interferon-ɣ Signup and view all the answers

How do CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill virus-infected cells?

Release cytotoxic compounds like perforin, granzymes, and granulysin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T lymphocytes assist macrophages to kill microbes they have ingested?

CD4+ helper T lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of innate immune responses when a pathogen breaches the epithelial or mucosal barrier?

Detect and initiate a rapid response to the pathogen Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the immune response once the invading pathogen is cleared?

The stimulus for the immune response is removed Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response shows specificity and memory to provide a targeted response to the foreign pathogen?

Adaptive immune response Signup and view all the answers