Intraabdominal Infections and Peritonitis Treatment

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What is the primary goal of treatment for intra-abdominal infections?

To provide supportive care

Ameliorate clinical signs and symptoms

To achieve a resolution of infection without major organ system complications

Correction of the intra-abdominal disease processes or injuries that have caused infection (correct)

What type of peritonitis occurs in critically ill patients and persists or recurs at least 48 hours after adequate management?

Tertiary peritonitis (correct)

Primary peritonitis

Secondary peritonitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Which of the following pathogens is commonly associated with nosocomial and chronic surgical infections in cirrhotic patients?

Aerobes

Polymicrobial pathogens

Enterococcus species (correct)

Anaerobes

What is the characteristic of intra-abdominal infections in terms of the type of pathogens involved?

Polymicrobial with both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a secondary goal of treatment for intra-abdominal infections?

Achieve a resolution of infection without major organ system complications Signup and view all the answers

What is primary peritonitis?

An infection of the peritoneal cavity without an evident source in the abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum required dwell time for exchange with intraperitoneal antibiotics?

6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is commonly associated with cholecystitis?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the success rate of ERCP in the treatment of cholangitis?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for acute symptomatic cholecystitis?

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of source control in secondary peritonitis?

Surgical debridement and drainage Signup and view all the answers

What is often the underlying cause of cholangitis and cholecystitis?

Obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for the initial treatment of CAPD-associated peritonitis due to gram-positive organisms?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for MSSA in CAPD-associated peritonitis?

Cefazolin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended as an alternative for gram-negative coverage in patients with severe IgE-mediated penicillin allergy or intolerance to β-lactams?

Aztreonam Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of choice for Enterococcus species or Streptococcus species in CAPD-associated peritonitis?

Ampicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for the treatment of P. aeruginosa in CAPD-associated peritonitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for refractory peritonitis caused by MRSA in CAPD-associated peritonitis?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Vancomycin Resistant enterococcus (VRE)?

Linezolid, quinupristin–dalfopristin, or daptomycin Signup and view all the answers

What type of antifungal drugs are considered the drugs of choice empirically?

Echinocandins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapy for secondary peritonitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which antifungal drug is the drug of choice for C. albicans?

Fluconazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern associated with using conventional amphotericin B?

Toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended empiric monotherapy for mild-to-moderate community-acquired infections?

Ertapenem, moxifloxacin, or cefoxitin Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of timely source control with surgical intervention in secondary peritonitis?

It improves clinical success Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of intra-abdominal abscesses?

They contain mixed infections involving E. coli or enterococci with B. fragilis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for intra-abdominal abscesses?

Piperacillin–tazobactam 3.375 g IV every 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for administering antibiotics in patients with septic shock?

Within 1 hour of presentation Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibiotics should be used in patients with penetrating trauma to the abdomen?

Antibiotics active against both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the current recommendation for the use of tigecycline as an empiric agent to treat patients with IAI?

It is not recommended Signup and view all the answers