30 Questions
What is the primary goal of treatment for intra-abdominal infections?
Correction of the intra-abdominal disease processes or injuries that have caused infection
What type of peritonitis occurs in critically ill patients and persists or recurs at least 48 hours after adequate management?
Tertiary peritonitis
Which of the following pathogens is commonly associated with nosocomial and chronic surgical infections in cirrhotic patients?
Enterococcus species
What is the characteristic of intra-abdominal infections in terms of the type of pathogens involved?
Polymicrobial with both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens
Which of the following is a secondary goal of treatment for intra-abdominal infections?
Achieve a resolution of infection without major organ system complications
What is primary peritonitis?
An infection of the peritoneal cavity without an evident source in the abdomen
What is the minimum required dwell time for exchange with intraperitoneal antibiotics?
6 hours
Which pathogen is commonly associated with cholecystitis?
Escherichia coli
What is the success rate of ERCP in the treatment of cholangitis?
90%
What is the treatment for acute symptomatic cholecystitis?
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
What is the goal of source control in secondary peritonitis?
Surgical debridement and drainage
What is often the underlying cause of cholangitis and cholecystitis?
Obstruction
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for the initial treatment of CAPD-associated peritonitis due to gram-positive organisms?
Vancomycin
What is the recommended treatment for MSSA in CAPD-associated peritonitis?
Cefazolin
Which of the following antibiotics is recommended as an alternative for gram-negative coverage in patients with severe IgE-mediated penicillin allergy or intolerance to β-lactams?
Aztreonam
What is the treatment of choice for Enterococcus species or Streptococcus species in CAPD-associated peritonitis?
Ampicillin
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for the treatment of P. aeruginosa in CAPD-associated peritonitis?
All of the above
What is the recommended treatment for refractory peritonitis caused by MRSA in CAPD-associated peritonitis?
Vancomycin
What is the recommended treatment for Vancomycin Resistant enterococcus (VRE)?
Linezolid, quinupristin–dalfopristin, or daptomycin
What type of antifungal drugs are considered the drugs of choice empirically?
Echinocandins
What is the primary goal of therapy for secondary peritonitis?
All of the above
Which antifungal drug is the drug of choice for C. albicans?
Fluconazole
What is the primary concern associated with using conventional amphotericin B?
Toxicity
What is the recommended empiric monotherapy for mild-to-moderate community-acquired infections?
Ertapenem, moxifloxacin, or cefoxitin
What is the significance of timely source control with surgical intervention in secondary peritonitis?
It improves clinical success
What is a characteristic of intra-abdominal abscesses?
They contain mixed infections involving E. coli or enterococci with B. fragilis
What is the recommended treatment for intra-abdominal abscesses?
Piperacillin–tazobactam 3.375 g IV every 6 hours
What is the recommended time frame for administering antibiotics in patients with septic shock?
Within 1 hour of presentation
What type of antibiotics should be used in patients with penetrating trauma to the abdomen?
Antibiotics active against both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens
What is the current recommendation for the use of tigecycline as an empiric agent to treat patients with IAI?
It is not recommended
Learn about the primary and secondary goals of treatment for intraabdominal infections, including correction of disease processes, drainage of abscesses, and achieving resolution of infection. Also, explore the classification of peritonitis.
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