Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
What is the main focus of Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
In which aspect does Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry primarily contribute?
In which aspect does Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry primarily contribute?
Which of the following best describes the publication type of Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
Which of the following best describes the publication type of Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
What kind of articles can readers expect to find in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
What kind of articles can readers expect to find in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
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Which type of audience is likely the primary readership of Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
Which type of audience is likely the primary readership of Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
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What is emphasized in the research presented in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
What is emphasized in the research presented in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
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What distinguishes Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry from other dental journals?
What distinguishes Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry from other dental journals?
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What element is crucial in the types of studies published in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
What element is crucial in the types of studies published in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry?
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Flashcards
Clinical Dentistry
Clinical Dentistry
The branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental diseases.
Cosmetic Dentistry
Cosmetic Dentistry
A dental specialty that aims to improve the appearance of teeth, gums, and smiles.
Investigational Dentistry
Investigational Dentistry
Research-oriented dentistry that explores new treatments and techniques.
Dental Diseases
Dental Diseases
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Diagnosis in Dentistry
Diagnosis in Dentistry
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Treatment Planning
Treatment Planning
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Patient Education
Patient Education
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Preventive Dentistry
Preventive Dentistry
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Study Notes
Intra-Oral Halitosis: An Expert Consensus Review
- Intra-oral halitosis accounts for about 90% of all halitosis cases
- Halitosis is an unpleasant odor from the mouth, sometimes called bad breath, chronic bad breath, oral malodor, etc.
- A preferred term, to reduce stigma, is breath odor.
- Halitosis significantly impacts quality of life, causing social, professional, and emotional limitations.
- Oral diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis, pericoronitis, etc.), tongue coating, food impaction, and oral sores can cause intra-oral halitosis.
- Xerostomia (dry mouth) and hyposalivation are associated with intra-oral halitosis
- An imbalanced oral microbiome (bacteria) contributes to intra-oral halitosis
- Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are the primary odor compounds in intra-oral halitosis, formed by anaerobic bacteria
- Tongue coating is a major cause (Figure 1)
- Candida species have a conflicting role in intra-oral halitosis, with some studies showing correlation with VSC measurements and others showing no correlation.
- Extra-oral halitosis (5-10% of cases) originates from ENT or respiratory conditions (sinusitis, tonsillitis, etc.) or airway foreign bodies.
Halitosis Classification
- Halitosis types: Genuine (intra-oral, extra-oral), Transient, Pseudohalitosis/Halitophobia
- Oral halitosis is often linked to tongue coating (43%), gingivitis/periodontitis (11%), or a combination (18%).
- Other contributory factors: xerostomia, hyposalivation, imbalanced oral microbiome, open caries, stress, age-related factors (decreased oral mobility, medications).
Halitosis Diagnosis
- Accurate diagnosis is key for appropriate management.
- A clinical evaluation (anamnesis, oral health, assessment of oral care) is crucial.
- Key assessment points include: medical history, dental history, and details about halitosis symptoms.
- Objective measurements are possible (e.g., tongue coating index-Figure 2).
- Direct methods (organoleptic method) use the ability to smell odors (gas chromatography, portable sulfide monitoring available).
Halitosis Management
- Halitosis is most effectively managed by addressing its source (intra-oral is primarily the source).
- Treatment focuses on improving oral hygiene/removing biofilm, treating oral pathologies, and, if necessary, using a zinc-based mouth rinse, particularly if oral hygiene alone is not sufficient.
- Probiotics may be another potential therapeutic approach
- A simple step-wise approach is recommended (Figure 4): screening, examining for coating, addressing oral pathologies, co-treating with mouthwash if needed).
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Description
This quiz explores the expert consensus on intra-oral halitosis, its causes, and its implications on quality of life. Learn about oral diseases, the role of the microbiome, and the effects of dry mouth on breath odor. Test your knowledge on effective management and treatment options for halitosis.
