Intestine Function and Protection
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated number of microorganisms residing in the colon?

  • 10^16
  • 10^10
  • 10^14 (correct)
  • 10^12
  • What is the term used to describe the collective microorganisms in the intestine?

  • Microflora
  • Gut flora
  • Intestinal microbiota (correct)
  • Microbiome
  • What is the primary source of vitamins K and B in the body?

  • Intestinal microbiota only
  • Neither food nor intestinal microbiota
  • Food only
  • Both food and intestinal microbiota (correct)
  • Which region of the large intestine has the greatest number of microorganisms?

    <p>Colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of human cells in the body compared to the number of microorganisms in the colon?

    <p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of most bacterial species in the colon?

    <p>Anaerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential relationship between the intestinal microbiota and certain diseases?

    <p>Contributes to obesity and metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which vitamins are obtained from the intestinal microbiota?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of short-chain fatty acids in the colon?

    <p>Retain calories, electrolytes, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of reduced short-chain fatty acid production in the colon?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and their human hosts?

    <p>Mutualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface area of the intestine that presents to the commensal bacteria?

    <p>200 m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the lining of the intestine?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of commensal bacteria in the intestine?

    <p>100 trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is being tested as an improved solution for oral rehydration therapy?

    <p>Adding starch that can arrive undigested to the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the x-ray imaging technique used to visualize the large intestine?

    <p>Barium enema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line of defense against intestinal bacteria in the large intestine?

    <p>Mucus from goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IgA antibodies in the intestine?

    <p>To neutralize toxins and reduce pathogenic bacteria invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the composition of the intestinal microbiota among family members?

    <p>It shows more similarity among family members than among unrelated people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Peyer's patches in the intestinal wall?

    <p>They are isolated lymphoid follicles involved in immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the intestinal microbiota of an obese person?

    <p>It has a low diversity and a different relative abundance of particular groups of microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lamina propria in the intestine?

    <p>It is the site of plasma cells that secrete IgA antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a normal intestinal microbiota?

    <p>It helps to maintain a healthy epithelial barrier and promotes the repair of damaged epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do IgA antibodies reach the lumen of the intestine?

    <p>They are transported through intestinal epithelial cells into the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intestinal Microbiota

    • The intestine is protected from bacteria in its lumen by mucus from goblet cells, antimicrobial peptides, and IgA antibodies.
    • Microbes from the mother invade an infant's intestine during birth and early infancy, affecting the composition of the microbiota later in life.

    Initial Colonization

    • The initial colonization of microbes affects the composition of the microbiota, explaining why it varies substantially between individuals and shows more similarity among family members.

    Intestinal Microbiota Composition

    • Obese individuals have less diversity and a different relative abundance of particular groups of microbes than lean individuals.
    • The intestinal microbiota helps maintain a healthy epithelial barrier, limits inflammatory damage, and promotes repair of a damaged epithelium.

    Location and Number of Microorganisms

    • The number of microorganisms increases in the distal ileum and is greatest in the colon, with an estimated 10^14 microorganisms.
    • This number is about 10 times more than the number of human cells in the body and represents several thousand different species.

    Functions of Intestinal Microbiota

    • The intestinal microbiota provides vitamins, such as vitamin K and B vitamins, that are absorbed in the colon.
    • The microbiota helps retain calories, electrolytes, and water from the colon contents through the production of short-chain fatty acids.

    Impact of Antibiotics

    • Antibiotics reduce the population of the intestinal microbiota, leading to reduced production of short-chain fatty acids and potentially causing diarrhea.

    Potential Therapeutic Applications

    • Adding a form of starch that can arrive undigested to the colon may increase fluid absorption and relieve diarrhea by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids.

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    Description

    Learn about the functions of the intestine, including nutrient absorption and its protection from bacteria. Discover how the body defends against intestinal bacteria through mucus and antimicrobial peptides.

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