Intestinal Protozoa: Amoebae

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Questions and Answers

How does the shape of Entamoeba coli trophozoites compare to that of Entamoeba histolytica?

Entamoeba coli trophozoites are more compact.

What is a key characteristic of the karyosome in Endolimax nana trophozoites?

Large and centric or eccentric without peripheral chromatin.

Describe the typical appearance of the cytoplasm of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.

Granulated endoplasm.

How many nuclei are typically found in the mature cyst stage of Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>1, 2, or 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique structure is associated with the cysts of Entamoeba coli?

<p>Chromatoid bars with pointed ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found in the large glycogen vacuole of Iodamoeba butschlii cysts?

<p>Glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical shape of Endolimax nana cysts?

<p>Ovoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the nuclear structure of Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoites.

<p>Large central karyosome surrounded by small chromatin granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the ectoplasm of Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica?

<p><em>Entamoeba coli</em> has thin ectoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a section of infected intestine, what cellular abnormality is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Clusters of amebae extending from the epithelium through lamina propria and muscularis mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is frequently found within the cytoplasm of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in infected tissues?

<p>Ingested red blood cells (RBCs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the regularity of perinuclear chromatin dots in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.

<p>Regular in size and spacing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ulcer might Entamoeba histolytica cause in the intestine, and what shape does it take?

<p>There are flask like ulcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range in size in micrometers for Entamoeba coli cysts?

<p>15 - 33 $\mu m$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nuclei are typically contained in an Endolimax nana cyst?

<p>1,2, or 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the identifying feature of Iodamoeba butschlii cysts?

<p>Large glycogen vacuole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the pathogenic intestinal amoeba.

<p><em>Entamoeba histolytica</em>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three commensal intestinal amoeba.

<p><em>Entamoeba coli</em>, <em>Endolimax nana</em>, and <em>Iodamoeba butschlii</em>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is amebiasis normally contracted?

<p>By ingesting the cyst stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite?

<p>Irregular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the diagnostic stages of Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Cysts and trophozoites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two components make up the cytoplasm of a trophozoite?

<p>Ectoplasm and endoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the cytoplasm of some trophozoites in an infected intestine?

<p>Ingested red blood cells and/or nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nuclei are inside a mature cyst of Entamoeba coli?

<p>1, 2, 4, or 8.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the appearance of the Karyosome in Endolimax nana compare with peripheral chromatin?

<p>Karyosome large, centric or eccentric without peripheral chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intestinal Protozoa

A group of intestinal protozoa including pathogenic and commensal species.

Amoebae

A type of intestinal protozoa that includes both pathogenic (disease-causing) and commensal (non-harmful) species.

Entamoeba histolytica

A pathogenic amoeba known to cause amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses.

Entamoeba coli

A commensal amoeba that lives in the human intestine without causing harm.

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Endolimax nana

A small, non-pathogenic amoeba found in the human intestine.

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Iodamoeba butschlii

A non-pathogenic amoeba found in the human intestine, characterized by a large glycogen vacuole in its cyst stage.

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Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites

The active, feeding stage of Entamoeba histolytica, characterized by its irregular shape and ability to ingest red blood cells.

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Transparent ectoplasm

A clear outer layer of cytoplasm found in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.

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Granulated endoplasm

The inner, granular part of the cytoplasm in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, containing a small nucleus with evenly spaced chromatin dots.

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Entamoeba histolytica Cyst

The dormant, infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica, characterized by a round shape, a thick outer wall, and the presence of 1-4 nuclei and chromatoid bars.

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Cigar shape chromatoid body

Shapes within the cyst of E. histolytica that can look like cigars.

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Infective Stage

The form of E. histolytica that is infective.

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Diagnostic Stage

The phase of E. histolytica visible in samples.

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Excystation

Occurs after ingesting the Entamoeba histolytica cyst, the cyst wall weakens releasing trophozoites.

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Irregular shape

The irregular shape of entamoeba histolytica.

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Ingested red blood cells

E. histolytica can consume red blood cells.

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Flask like ulcer

Used to describe the flask shape of the ulcer caused by E. histolytica in the intestine.

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Entamoeba coli Trophozoites

Irregular shape but more compact than Entamoeba histolytica, thin ectoplasm, granulate endoplasm, small nucleus with perinuclear chromatin dots irregular in size & spacing

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Entamoeba coli Cyst

Characterized by, Large; nuclei 1,2,4 or 8; Chromatoid bars with pointed end.

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Endolimax nana Trophozoites

karyosome large, centric or eccentric, without peripheral chromatin.

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Endolimax nana Cyst

ovoid in shape; nuclei 1,2,or 4; karyosome large with little or no peripheral duration.

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Iodamoeba butschlii Trophozoites

nuclei with large central karyosome; karyosome surrounded by small chromatin granules

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Iodamoeba butschlii Cyst

large glycogen vacuole; nucleus as in trophozoites.

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Study Notes

  • Intestinal Protozoa include Amoebae
  • Amoebae are categorized into pathogenic and commensal types

Pathogenic Amoebae

  • Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic amoeba

Commensal Amoebae

  • Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, and Iodamoeba butschlii are examples of commensal amoebae

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites

  • They have an irregular shape
  • They feature transparent ectoplasm and granulated endoplasm
  • The nucleus is small with perinuclear chromatin dots that are regular in size and spacing
  • They are capable of ingesting red blood cells

Entamoeba histolytica Cysts

  • Cysts are round in shape and have an outer cyst wall
  • They contain 1, 2, or 4 nuclei
  • Chromatin bars might be seen
  • Flask-like ulcers in the infected intestine, caused by E. histolytica can be observed in sections of infected intestines
  • Clusters of amebae may extend from the epithelium through the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa
  • Some amebae may show their nuclei or ingested red blood cells

Entamoeba coli Trophozoites

  • E. coli trophozoites are irregular in shape but more compact than E. histolytica
  • The ectoplasm is thin with granulated endoplasm
  • The small nucleus has perinuclear chromatin dots that have irregular size and spacing

Entamoeba coli Cysts

  • E. coli cysts are large and contain 1, 2, 4, or 8 nuclei
  • They possess chromatoid bars with pointed ends

Endolimax nana Trophozoites

  • They have a large karyosome that can be centric or eccentric
  • Peripheral chromatin is absent

Endolimax nana Cysts

  • Cysts are ovoid in shape with 1, 2, or 4 nuclei
  • They have a large karyosome with little to no peripheral chromatin

Iodamoeba butschlii Trophozoites

  • Nuclei contain a large, often central karyosome
  • The karyosome is surrounded by small chromatin granules

Iodamoeba butschlii Cysts

  • Cysts feature a large glycogen vacuole
  • Nucleus as in trophozoites

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