80 Questions
Which type of parasitic disease is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
Intestinal protozoa
Which parasitic infection is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides?
Roundworm
Which parasitic disease is considered a sexually transmitted infection?
Trichomoniasis
Which parasitic infection is also known as Pinworm?
Enterobius vermicularis
Which parasite is widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin, India, China, Japan, and the Pacific coastal areas of South America?
Ancylostoma duodenale
What is the transmission mode of Ancylostoma duodenale?
Penetration of the skin by the larvae
What are the clinical presentations of hookworm infection?
Focal pruritic maculopapular rash at site of penetration, mild cough, acute GI symptoms, chronic nutritional impairment
What is a complication of hookworm infection?
Iron-deficiency anemia
How is hookworm infection diagnosed?
Stool sample with oval hookworm eggs
What is the drug of choice for treating hookworm infection?
Mebendazole
What is the transmission mode of Trichomonas vaginalis?
Sexual intercourse
What are the clinical presentations of Trichomoniasis?
Purulent malodorous thin discharge, burning with urination, genital itching
What is a complication of Trichomoniasis?
Increased risk of HIV and other STIs
How is Trichomoniasis diagnosed?
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
What is the drug of choice for treating Trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole
What should be done in terms of follow-up for Trichomoniasis treatment?
Repeat testing in all patients with a vagina
Which parasite is commonly water-borne due to its resistance to chlorine in tap water?
Giardia
What is a major risk factor for Giardiasis?
Lack of safe drinking water
Which parasite primarily affects children aged 5-10?
Pinworm
What is the most common roundworm infection worldwide?
Giant Roundworm
Which parasite causes disease by attaching to the small intestine's epithelium?
Giardia
What is a common clinical presentation of Giardiasis?
Diarrhea with mucus
How is pinworm diagnosed?
Visual inspection and Scotch tape/paddle test
What is a complication of Giardiasis?
Reactive arthritis
What is a clinical presentation of Giant Roundworm infection?
Fever and coughing
How is Giardiasis diagnosed?
Stool antigen detection assays, microscopy, and PCR assays
What is a common treatment for Giardiasis?
Metronidazole, Tinidazole, or Nitazoxanide
What is a risk factor for Pinworm infection?
Primary school-aged children
Which parasite causes Malaria?
Plasmodium species
What is the causative agent of Amebiasis?
Entamoeba histolytica
Which parasite is commonly known as 'Pinworm'?
Enterobius vermicularis
What is the causative agent of Trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
What is the primary mode of transmission for Ancylostoma duodenale?
Fecal contamination of soil
Which parasite is widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin, India, China, Japan, and the Pacific coastal areas of South America?
Ancylostoma duodenale
What is a common clinical presentation of Trichomoniasis?
Genital itching
What is the drug of choice for treating hookworm infection?
Mebendazole
Which parasite causes disease by attaching to the small intestine's epithelium?
Ancylostoma duodenale
What is a complication of Trichomoniasis?
PID
What are the clinical presentations of hookworm infection?
Focal pruritic maculopapular rash at site of penetration
What is a risk factor for Pinworm infection?
Inadequate hand hygiene
What is a common treatment for Giardiasis?
Metronidazole
What is a complication of Giardiasis?
Malabsorption
What is a common clinical presentation of Giant Roundworm infection?
Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting
What is a risk factor for Trichomoniasis?
Unprotected sexual intercourse
What is the primary mode of transmission for Malaria?
Mosquito bite
Which species of Plasmodium are known to infect humans?
P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae
What is the incubation time for Malaria?
8-60 days
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of Malaria?
Abrupt chills
What are the stages of Uncomplicated Malaria?
The cold stage, the hot stage, the sweating stage
What is a manifestation of Severe Falciparum Malaria?
Unarousable coma/cerebral malaria
What is the treatment for Amebiasis?
Metronidazole or tinidazole PLUS luminal amebicide
What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA
What is the main route of elimination for Metronidazole?
Urine
Which drug is classified as an intestinal amebicide?
Paromomycin (Humatin)
What is a common clinical presentation of Giardiasis?
Abdominal discomfort
What is the second most common parasitic infection in the U.S.?
Giardiasis
Which parasite causes malaria in humans?
Plasmodium falciparum
What is the incubation time for malaria?
8-60 days
Which stage of malaria is characterized by fever, body aches, and fatigue?
Hot stage
Which species of Plasmodium causes the most severe form of malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
What is the mechanism proposed for the development of cerebral malaria?
Adherence of parasitized erythrocytes to the cerebral vasculature
What is the drug of choice for treating severe amebiasis?
IV Metronidazole
What is the primary mode of action of Metronidazole in treating amebiasis?
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Which parasite causes Giardiasis, also known as 'backpacker's diarrhea'?
Giardia lamblia
What is a common clinical presentation of Giardiasis?
Abdominal discomfort
What is the primary mode of action of Paromomycin in treating amebiasis?
Interference with bacterial protein synthesis
Which parasite primarily affects children aged 5-10?
Ascaris lumbricoides
What is the most common parasitic infection in the U.S.?
Enterobiasis
How is Giardiasis primarily transmitted?
Through contaminated food and water
What is a common risk factor for Giardiasis?
Lack of safe drinking water
Which parasite causes disease by attaching to the small intestine's epithelium?
Giardia
What is a common clinical presentation of Giardiasis?
Diarrhea with mucus
What is the drug of choice for treating Giardiasis?
Metronidazole
What is a common complication of Giardiasis?
Dehydration
What is a common clinical presentation of Pinworm infection?
Perianal pruritus
How is Pinworm infection diagnosed?
Visual inspection and Scotch tape/paddle test
Which parasite primarily affects children aged 2-10 and causes clinical presentations such as fever, coughing, and abdominal cramps?
Giant Roundworm
What is a common complication of Giant Roundworm infection?
Biliary obstruction
What is the most common nematode infection worldwide, primarily affecting children aged 5-10?
Pinworm
What is a risk factor for Pinworm infection?
Attending daycare or school
Study Notes
Intestinal Parasitic Infections: Giardiasis, Pinworm, Giant Roundworm, and Hookworm
- Giardiasis is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and is commonly water-borne due to Giardia's resistance to chlorine in tap water.
- Giardiasis is widespread and more common in areas with poor sanitation and limited water treatment facilities.
- The risk factors for Giardiasis include children, working with children, lack of safe drinking water, unprotected anal sex, living in endemic areas, being a traveler, and being immunocompromised.
- Humans acquire giardiasis by ingesting the cyst form of the parasite, which then transforms into trophozoites causing disease by attaching to the small intestine's epithelium.
- The clinical presentation of Giardiasis includes diarrhea with mucus, foul-smelling, nausea, vomiting, malaise, flatulence, weight loss, and dehydration.
- Diagnosis of Giardiasis involves stool antigen detection assays, microscopy, and PCR assays.
- Treatment for Giardiasis includes hydration and medications such as Metronidazole, Tinidazole, or Nitazoxanide.
- Complications of Giardiasis may include dehydration, persistent or recurrent symptoms, failure to thrive in children, reactive arthritis, IBS, and lactose intolerance.
- Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) is one of the most common nematode infections worldwide, occurring in both temperate and tropical climates and primarily affecting children aged 5-10.
- Clinical presentation of pinworm includes perianal pruritus, insomnia, weight loss, irritability, and secondary skin infections.
- Diagnosis of pinworm involves visual inspection and the Scotch tape/paddle test, while treatment includes medications such as Albendazole, mebendazole, or pyrantel.
- Giant Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is the most common roundworm infection worldwide, with the highest prevalence in Asia and among children aged 2-10. The infection is favored in tropical climates and areas with poor sanitation practices.
- Clinical presentation of giant roundworm includes fever, coughing, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, colonic obstruction, biliary obstruction, and intestinal perforation.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections: Giardiasis, Pinworm, Giant Roundworm, and Hookworm
- Giardiasis is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and is commonly water-borne due to Giardia's resistance to chlorine in tap water.
- Giardiasis is widespread and more common in areas with poor sanitation and limited water treatment facilities.
- The risk factors for Giardiasis include children, working with children, lack of safe drinking water, unprotected anal sex, living in endemic areas, being a traveler, and being immunocompromised.
- Humans acquire giardiasis by ingesting the cyst form of the parasite, which then transforms into trophozoites causing disease by attaching to the small intestine's epithelium.
- The clinical presentation of Giardiasis includes diarrhea with mucus, foul-smelling, nausea, vomiting, malaise, flatulence, weight loss, and dehydration.
- Diagnosis of Giardiasis involves stool antigen detection assays, microscopy, and PCR assays.
- Treatment for Giardiasis includes hydration and medications such as Metronidazole, Tinidazole, or Nitazoxanide.
- Complications of Giardiasis may include dehydration, persistent or recurrent symptoms, failure to thrive in children, reactive arthritis, IBS, and lactose intolerance.
- Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) is one of the most common nematode infections worldwide, occurring in both temperate and tropical climates and primarily affecting children aged 5-10.
- Clinical presentation of pinworm includes perianal pruritus, insomnia, weight loss, irritability, and secondary skin infections.
- Diagnosis of pinworm involves visual inspection and the Scotch tape/paddle test, while treatment includes medications such as Albendazole, mebendazole, or pyrantel.
- Giant Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is the most common roundworm infection worldwide, with the highest prevalence in Asia and among children aged 2-10. The infection is favored in tropical climates and areas with poor sanitation practices.
- Clinical presentation of giant roundworm includes fever, coughing, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, colonic obstruction, biliary obstruction, and intestinal perforation.
Test your knowledge of intestinal parasitic infections with this quiz covering Giardiasis, Pinworm, Giant Roundworm, and Hookworm. Learn about transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of these common parasitic infections.
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