Interwar period: Key people, groups, ideas, and events

• Key people, groups, ideas, and events from the interwar period

People/Groups

• Gandhi was a key leader in the Indian independence movement, advocating for nonviolent resistance.
• General Dyer was a British officer responsible for the Amritsar Massacre.
• Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party.
• Chiang Kai-Shek led the Chinese Nationalist government.
• Sun Yat-Sen was a Chinese revolutionary and the first leader of the Republic of China.
• The Weimar Republic was the government of Germany after WWI and before the rise of the Nazis.
• The Nazis were a far-right political party led by Adolf Hitler in Germany.
• Mussolini was the fascist dictator of Italy.
• Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany.
• The Gestapo was the secret police of Nazi Germany.

Terms/Ideas/Events

• The Amritsar Massacre was an event in 1919 where British troops fired on a peaceful gathering of Indians.
• The Salt March was a nonviolent protest led by Gandhi against the British salt monopoly.
• Boycott means refusing to buy or use certain goods or services as a form of protest.
• Civil Disobedience is the nonviolent refusal to obey unjust laws.
• The Caste System is a traditional social hierarchy in India.
• India gained its independence in 1947, overcoming obstacles such as religious divisions and British colonial rule.
• The Shanghai Massacre was a violent suppression of communists by the Nationalist government in China.
• The May 4th Movement was a student-led protest in China against foreign influence and weak government.
• The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Communists and Nationalists for control of China.
• Japan invaded China in the 1930s, leading to the Second Sino-Japanese War.
• The Treaty of Versailles impacted China by not addressing Chinese concerns about the occupation of their territory, and impacted Germany by imposing harsh reparations and territorial losses.
• German Hyperinflation occurred in the 1920s, causing economic instability.
• Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong central control.
• The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic downturn in the 1930s, caused by factors such as overproduction and the stock market crash. The effects included widespread unemployment and poverty.
• The Dust Bowl was an environmental disaster in the American Midwest, caused by drought and poor farming practices.
• Overproduction and underconsumption: Producing more goods than are being purchased, was a problem during the Depression.
• The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was a major factor in the onset of the Great Depression.
• The Nuremberg Laws were anti-Semitic laws enacted in Nazi Germany.
• Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia was an act of aggression that demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations.