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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended scenario for HIV testing in children according to the information provided?

  • Children whose HIV status is unknown
  • Children born to HIV-positive mothers
  • Children with a history of blood transfusion (correct)
  • Children with symptoms consistent with HIV infection
  • According to the WHO paediatric staging for HIV infection, which of the following symptoms or signs is NOT classified as a Stage 3 condition?

  • Recurrent severe presumed bacterial infections
  • Severe failure to thrive
  • Unexplained persistent diarrhea
  • Recurrent severe upper respiratory tract infections (correct)
  • Which of the following statements about HIV antibody tests is CORRECT?

  • HIV antibody tests detect the presence of the HIV virus itself
  • HIV antibody tests are not recommended for children born to HIV-positive mothers
  • HIV antibody tests can reliably diagnose HIV infection in infants younger than 18 months
  • A positive HIV antibody test result indicates the presence of HIV antibodies, not necessarily active infection (correct)
  • According to the information provided, which of the following statements about the management of HIV-exposed children is CORRECT?

    <p>HIV-exposed children should receive the BCG vaccine at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential sign or symptom of HIV infection in children, according to the WHO paediatric staging?

    <p>Recurrent severe pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following statements about vitamin A supplementation for children is CORRECT?

    <p>Vitamin A supplementation should be given to all children every six months from the age of 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about serological tests for HIV in children is correct?

    <p>Serological tests detect HIV antibodies passed from mother to child, which may persist until 18 months of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an HIV-exposed child less than 18 months old, which test should be used to reliably detect HIV infection?

    <p>Virological test (e.g., DNA or RNA PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an HIV-exposed breastfeeding child under 18 months has a negative virological test result, what does this indicate?

    <p>The child may still become infected through breastfeeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an HIV-exposed child aged 18 months or older, what does a positive HIV antibody test result indicate?

    <p>The child is definitely infected with HIV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom or sign of HIV infection in children?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO) paediatric staging for HIV infection, which of the following is NOT a stage 4 (severe) condition?

    <p>Oral candidiasis (thrush)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the table, for a breastfeeding child with a positive HIV antibody test, what is the recommended management?

    <p>Manage as if the child is HIV-exposed and/or infected, and repeat the test at 18 months or once breastfeeding has been discontinued for more than 6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom or sign associated with Stage 2 (Mild Disease) of the WHO Paediatric Staging for HIV Infection?

    <p>Unexplained severe acute malnutrition not responding to standard therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a non-breastfeeding child with a negative HIV antibody test, but who has not been breastfed in the last 6 weeks, what is the recommended management?

    <p>Manage as if the child is HIV-negative, but repeat the test at 18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom or sign associated with Stage 1 (Asymptomatic) of the WHO Paediatric Staging for HIV Infection?

    <p>No symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom or sign associated with Stage 3 (Moderate Disease) of the WHO Paediatric Staging for HIV Infection?

    <p>Oral thrush (outside neonatal period)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the table, for a non-breastfeeding child with a positive HIV antibody test, what is the recommended management?

    <p>Manage as if the child is HIV-exposed and/or infected, and repeat the test at 18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

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