18 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a recommended scenario for HIV testing in children according to the information provided?
Children with a history of blood transfusion
According to the WHO paediatric staging for HIV infection, which of the following symptoms or signs is NOT classified as a Stage 3 condition?
Recurrent severe upper respiratory tract infections
Which of the following statements about HIV antibody tests is CORRECT?
A positive HIV antibody test result indicates the presence of HIV antibodies, not necessarily active infection
According to the information provided, which of the following statements about the management of HIV-exposed children is CORRECT?
HIV-exposed children should receive the BCG vaccine at birth
Which of the following is a potential sign or symptom of HIV infection in children, according to the WHO paediatric staging?
Recurrent severe pneumonia
According to the information provided, which of the following statements about vitamin A supplementation for children is CORRECT?
Vitamin A supplementation should be given to all children every six months from the age of 6 months
Which of the following statements about serological tests for HIV in children is correct?
Serological tests detect HIV antibodies passed from mother to child, which may persist until 18 months of age.
For an HIV-exposed child less than 18 months old, which test should be used to reliably detect HIV infection?
Virological test (e.g., DNA or RNA PCR)
If an HIV-exposed breastfeeding child under 18 months has a negative virological test result, what does this indicate?
The child may still become infected through breastfeeding.
For an HIV-exposed child aged 18 months or older, what does a positive HIV antibody test result indicate?
The child is definitely infected with HIV.
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom or sign of HIV infection in children?
Jaundice
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) paediatric staging for HIV infection, which of the following is NOT a stage 4 (severe) condition?
Oral candidiasis (thrush)
According to the table, for a breastfeeding child with a positive HIV antibody test, what is the recommended management?
Manage as if the child is HIV-exposed and/or infected, and repeat the test at 18 months or once breastfeeding has been discontinued for more than 6 weeks
Which of the following is NOT a symptom or sign associated with Stage 2 (Mild Disease) of the WHO Paediatric Staging for HIV Infection?
Unexplained severe acute malnutrition not responding to standard therapy
For a non-breastfeeding child with a negative HIV antibody test, but who has not been breastfed in the last 6 weeks, what is the recommended management?
Manage as if the child is HIV-negative, but repeat the test at 18 months
Which of the following is a symptom or sign associated with Stage 1 (Asymptomatic) of the WHO Paediatric Staging for HIV Infection?
No symptoms
Which of the following is a symptom or sign associated with Stage 3 (Moderate Disease) of the WHO Paediatric Staging for HIV Infection?
Oral thrush (outside neonatal period)
According to the table, for a non-breastfeeding child with a positive HIV antibody test, what is the recommended management?
Manage as if the child is HIV-exposed and/or infected, and repeat the test at 18 months
This quiz covers the interpretation of HIV antibody test results in children under 18 months of age based on their breastfeeding status and exposure to HIV. It includes guidelines on managing HIV-exposed or infected children, repeating tests, and discontinuing breastfeeding.
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