Questions and Answers
What is one advantage of using abbreviations in note-taking?
Noting in the source language can lead to the temptation of noting words instead of ideas.
True
What should interpreters do before noting an idea?
Understand a complete idea
Interpreters should mark the page containing the missing information with a ______.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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What is one disadvantage of noting in source language?
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Symbols and abbreviations should be designed for frequently occurring notions.
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What should interpreters avoid while reading notes back to the audience?
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What is interpreting?
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What does the term 'interpretation' refer to?
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Who is referred to as a speaker in interpreting?
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What does 'mother tongue' mean?
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What is a source language?
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What is a target language?
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Define 'consecutive interpreting.'
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What is 'simultaneous interpreting'?
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What does 'reformulation' mean in interpreting?
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Explain the salami technique.
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What is meant by 'active listening'?
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What is passive listening?
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What should an interpreter do if they do not know a word or expression?
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Explain the importance of understanding grammatical structures in interpreting.
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Which of the following is a type of speech that an interpreter may encounter?
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How should an interpreter handle a lengthy or unclear speech?
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What should notes taken by interpreters be?
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What is a clarification question?
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What are some basic rules for interpreting?
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Study Notes
Definitions and Concepts
- Interpreting: The activity of producing an oral translation as performed by a conference interpreter.
- Interpretation: The product generated from the interpreter's activity involving oral translation.
- Speaker: The individual whose speech is being interpreted, distinct from the interpreter.
- Delegate: Any participant in a meeting, whether speaking or listening.
- Mother Tongue: An interpreter's strongest active language; may differ from their parents' or country's language.
- Source Language: The original language of a speech that needs to be interpreted.
- Target Language: The language into which the speech is translated.
- Consecutive Interpreting: An interpretation delivered after the speaker finishes a sentence or segment.
- Simultaneous Interpreting: Interpretation occurs simultaneously as the speech is delivered.
Approaches to Understanding
- Focus on understanding ideas, not just individual words; context is crucial for meaning.
- Use context clues to deduce unfamiliar words, ensuring effective translation.
- If words are unclear, admit ignorance and seek clarification from the speaker.
- Active listening requires total attention to meanings, while passive listening focuses on main ideas.
Analyzing Speech Types
- Rhetorical Speech: Rich in language; interpreters must engage all language skills.
- Stone-walling Speech: Long and unclear; interpreters should follow closely for coherence.
- Logical Speech: Clear arguments; attention to logical connections between ideas is essential.
- Narrative Speech: Watch for time phrases; adjust for accuracy if speaker strays from timeline.
- Descriptive Speech: Often lacks clarity; interpreters should note details thoroughly.
Techniques for Interpreting
- Salami Technique: Break long sentences into shorter, clearer segments for comprehension.
- Translation Unit: The smallest indivisible element in the translation process.
Memorization Strategies
- Visualize the speech to aid memory retention of spoken content.
- Create skeletal outlines of ideas to condense information efficiently.
- Focus on the beginning and end of speeches for structural understanding.
Re-expressing Speech
- Maintain eye contact and clarity while interpreting; deliver in the target language fluently.
- Combine similar ideas for conciseness; avoid word-for-word translation for natural flow.
- Constantly seek to improve language skills by expanding vocabulary and staying informed.
Note-Taking Techniques
- Use a structured layout for notes to enhance readability and organization.
- Record main ideas, links, and speakers' viewpoints without excessive detail.
- Abbreviations and symbols can increase efficiency but should be kept intuitive.
Asking for Clarification
- In informal settings, it is acceptable to ask for clarification; in formal settings, strive to interpret as accurately as possible.
- Questions must be concise and necessary; focus on clarity and politeness.### Note-Taking Techniques for Interpreters
- Interpreters face challenges with attentiveness and analysis while transforming spoken words into symbols; concentration on note-taking can lead to information being missed.
Abbreviations and Symbols
- Abbreviations and symbols must be logical and consistent; what makes sense to one interpreter may be meaningless to another.
- Develop symbols and abbreviations for common concepts such as country names, verbs, and verb tenses to enhance efficiency.
Language of Notation
- Noting in the source language benefits interpreters by eliminating translation questions during note-taking, ensuring a complete set of notes, and better handling of cultural concepts lacking direct equivalents.
- Disadvantages of source language noting include the temptation to transcribe words instead of ideas, which can foster a passive approach and make it challenging to reconstruct the speech.
Timing of Noting
- Interpreters should focus on understanding complete ideas before noting them; speed should not undermine comprehension.
Reading Back Notes
- Maintain engagement with the audience; do not let them see the interpreter is reading notes.
- Develop the skill of glancing at notes while communicating; clear notes facilitate smoother delivery.
Smooth Delivery Techniques
- Similar to a pianist, interpreters should read ahead in their notes, allowing for seamless transitions in their speech and keeping the interpretation fluid and efficient.
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Description
This quiz covers essential definitions and concepts related to interpreting, including key terms like source language, target language, and types of interpreting. It's designed to deepen your understanding of the role of interpreters in meetings and conferences. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts!