48 Questions
What is the normal range for Hemoglobin (HgB) in g/dL for adults?
12-18 g/dL
What does Hematocrit (Hct) measure?
The percentage of total blood volume made up by the RBCs
What causes Erythrocytosis?
high rbc dehydration
What is the body's response to low oxygen levels in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Stimulate RBC production to increase oxygen carrying capacity
How is Erythropenia classified?
A decreased number of RBCs, Hgb, & Hct
What is the purpose of Hemoglobin in RBCs?
Vehicle for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
What is the function of Erythrocytosis in the body?
Increase oxygen carrying capacity within the blood
What happens to Hematocrit levels in severe dehydration?
Increase
What is the impact of Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on RBC production?
Stimulates RBC production
What should happen to Erythrocytosis levels with the replacement of fluid?
Correct and return to normal ranges
What is the classic sign of elevated levels of the substance excreted in bile?
Jaundice
What is the waste product of protein digestion that the liver turns into urea nitrogen?
Ammonia
What is the role of albumin in the body?
Nourishes tissues, maintains osmotic pressure, and transports substances throughout the body
What are the causes of low albumin levels?
Malnutrition and impaired liver function
What does the total protein lab value determine within the blood?
The total amount of protein
What are the causes of low total protein levels?
Impaired liver function, fluid overload, and malnutrition
What is troponin I used to assess in the body?
Cardiac system presentation
What is the lab range for ammonia, a waste product of protein digestion?
10-80 mcg/dL
What lab range is considered normal for albumin, a plasma protein created within the liver?
3.5-5g/dL
What lab range is considered normal for total protein, which determines the total amount of protein within the blood?
6.4-8.3 g/dL
What is the typical range for white blood cells (Leukocytes) in a clinical laboratory?
5,000-10,000/mm3
Which clotting factors do PT 11-12.5 sec and INR 0.8-1.1 measure in the blood?
Extrinsic and intrinsic clotting cascade pathways
What does an elevated BUN may indicate in clinical interpretation?
Renal disease
What is the function of Neutrophils in the body?
Killing and digesting bacterial organisms
What is the range for Platelets (Thrombocytes) in a clinical laboratory?
150,000-400,000/m3
What does PTT evaluate in the clotting mechanism?
Intrinsic clotting cascade pathway
What do Coagulation studies analyze in the blood?
Clotting factors including PT, INR, and PTT
What does Serum creatinine measure in the blood?
Kidney function
What is the function of GFR in clinical interpretation?
Determining kidney function
What do liver function labs include for analysis?
Liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, and Bilirubin
What stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Thirst
What causes hypovolemia (decreased blood volume)?
Inadequate intake
What is the average adult urine output per day?
1000mL-2000mL
Which of the following is a sign of dehydration?
Poor skin turgor – skin tenting
What may cause loss of fluid from the body?
Hemorrhage
What does untreated dehydration lead to?
Decreased organ function
What inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
High blood volume
What is the primary cause of the release of ADH?
Low blood volume
What activates the thirst mechanism when fluid is lost?
Brain
What should a nurse assess prior to administration of Furosemide (Lasix)?
Electrolyte levels
What is a potential cause of hypervolemia?
Renal failure
What is a sign of fluid accumulation in the lungs?
Decreased oxygen saturation
What should a nurse do for edema management?
Elevate lower extremities
What does pitting edema grading of 4+ indicate?
Severe edema
What is the primary action of diuretics like Furosemide (Lasix)?
Promote the excretion of fluids via urine
What should a nurse assess after the administration of Furosemide (Lasix)?
Urine output
What is the purpose of monitoring daily weight in patients with hypervolemia?
To track fluid retention or loss
What is the potential cause of weight gain in hypervolemic patients?
Fluid accumulation
Study Notes
Interpreting Clinical Laboratory Values
- Erythropenia is characterized by a reduced number of RBCs, Hgb, & Hct.
- Platelets (Thrombocytes) range from 150,000-400,000/m3 or 150-400x 10^9/L.
- White blood cells (Leukocytes) typically range from 5,000-10,000/mm3.
- Neutrophils are responsible for killing and digesting bacterial organisms.
- Coagulation studies analyze the clotting factors of blood, including PT, INR, and PTT.
- PT and INR measure the adequacy of the extrinsic clotting cascade pathway and common pathway in the clotting mechanism.
- Coumadin (Warfarin) is an anticoagulant that directly affects clotting factors.
- PTT evaluates the adequacy of the intrinsic clotting cascade pathway and common pathway in the clotting mechanism.
- Elevated BUN may indicate renal disease or dehydration.
- Serum creatinine measures the amount of creatinine in the blood and is excreted entirely by the kidneys.
- The GFR is the rate at which the glomeruli are filtering blood and is used to determine kidney function.
- Liver function labs include Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Bilirubin.
Test your knowledge of interpreting clinical laboratory values with this quiz. Explore topics such as erythropenia, platelet count, white blood cells, neutrophils, coagulation studies, BUN, serum creatinine, GFR, and liver function labs including AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin.
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