Internationalism Review

Study Notes

Isolationism: A country that avoids participation in international social, economic, political, and military affairs.
Unilateralism: A country motivated to respond to international events independently.
Bilateralism: Cooperation between two countries motivated by a shared concern or need to take coordinated action.
Multilateralism: Cooperation among multiple countries working together on a specific issue.
Supranationalism: Accepting the decisions of an international organization guided by independently selected officials or elected representatives.
National Interest Motives: Four motivations for international involvement are Peace & Security, Economic Stability, Self-Determination, and Humanitarian concerns.
Global Village: The interconnectedness of the world due to advancements in communication and transportation technologies.
NGOs: Non-governmental organizations, such as Amnesty International, that act independently from governments on a global scale.
Veto Powers: The power of five permanent members of the UN Security Council to block any proposed resolutions.
Odious Debt: Debt that is not considered enforceable due to its acquisition by a despotic government to strengthen its regime.

UN (United Nations): A global diplomatic body aiming to maintain world peace, established after WWII. An example of multilateralism.
EU (European Union): An economic alliance of European states, demonstrating supranationalism.
WTO (World Trade Organization): Promoting global economic stability through collaboration and cooperation.
WHO (World Health Organization): Collects data and information about global health issues, including diseases, nutrition, and population health.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): A political and military treaty among North American and European countries.
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization): Fosters cooperation and respect for various cultures and civilizations.

Made up of 15 member states, including 5 permanent members with veto power and 10 non-permanent members.
Passes binding resolutions affecting matters of global security, including peacekeeping missions.
The General Assembly involves all member nations with one vote each. This body passes non-binding resolutions on global issues.

Peacekeeping missions are deployed into conflict zones only after a negotiated ceasefire.
Peacekeeping efforts can be hindered by rules of engagement (rules related to consent, impartiality, and self-defense) as seen in the Rwanda and Bosnia & Herzegovina conflicts.

Supporting internationalism can involve actions such as promoting peacekeeping missions, respecting international law, and providing foreign aid.
Conflicts with nationalist ideals and sovereignty can hinder nations from increasing international participation.
Tools to promote peace in other countries can include sanctions, incentives, and other types of foreign policy tools.
Individuals can influence foreign policy by expressing their support or concern to governments.