NSS 2006
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Questions and Answers

How many countries have free trade agreements (FTAs) implemented or negotiated since 2001?

  • 14 countries (correct)
  • 25 countries
  • 5 countries
  • 11 countries

Which initiative aimed at establishing a Middle East Free Trade Area by 2013?

  • Enterprise for ASEAN Initiative
  • African Growth and Opportunity Act
  • Middle East Free Trade Area initiative (correct)
  • Central America Free Trade Agreement

What was the primary purpose of negotiating FTAs with Bahrain, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman?

  • To increase tariffs on imports
  • To enhance military alliances
  • To prepare for the MEFTA initiative (correct)
  • To establish diplomatic relations

Which country has an FTA that was concluded as part of promoting trade opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region?

<p>Australia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) primarily aims to promote trade with which region?

<p>Sub-Saharan Africa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes modern terrorist organizations from traditional forms?

<p>Dependence on smaller, ideology-driven cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following locations has NOT been mentioned as a site of terrorist attacks?

<p>France (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What international effort has the United States led in Liberia?

<p>Restoring peace and stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a significant long-term strategy in combating terrorism?

<p>Winning the battle of ideas against terrorism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event underscored the need for the Palestinian Authority to establish a responsible government?

<p>Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and northern West Bank (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aided the improvement of relations between India and Pakistan?

<p>High-level visits and cooperation after an earthquake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What false narrative is associated with the reasons behind terrorism?

<p>The by-product of poverty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people have been primarily affected by terrorist attacks since September 11?

<p>Muslims (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant agreement was key in addressing the conflict in Northern Ireland?

<p>The Good Friday Agreement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the religious ideology is exploited by transnational terrorists?

<p>The notion of jihad as a call for violence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region is experiencing genocide due to a civil war involving a militia and the government?

<p>Darfur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which country is a democratic ally facing issues from Marxist terrorists and drug traffickers?

<p>Colombia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do terrorists often seek in their attempts to inflict catastrophic attacks?

<p>Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has the military leadership in Venezuela been accused of?

<p>Undermining democracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the War on Terror?

<p>A combination of military and ideological struggle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What internal conflict is terrorizing the population of Uganda?

<p>Lord’s Resistance Army (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of using foreign assistance in supporting democracy?

<p>To promote free and fair elections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does military training play in promoting democracy?

<p>It aims to establish civilian control and respect for human rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying targeted sanctions?

<p>To specifically target oppressive rulers while protecting civilians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Encouraging foreign direct investment is aimed at which of the following?

<p>Supporting countries committed to the rule of law and democratic accountability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative seeks to enhance objectives related to democracy and human rights?

<p>Foundation for the Future (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an objective of partnerships with non-governmental organizations?

<p>To reinforce the efforts of civil society organizations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant benefit of concluding free trade agreements (FTAs)?

<p>They promote enhanced rule of law and combat corruption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to work with international institutions like the UN?

<p>To support the implementation of democratic commitments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the United States to consider preemptive action against emerging threats?

<p>To act in self-defense against significant threats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method for the United States to address emerging threats?

<p>Nonmilitary actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative aims to stop shipments of WMD and their delivery systems?

<p>Proliferation Security Initiative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major influencing factor for the United States to implement ballistic missile defenses?

<p>Withdrawal from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the United States aim to achieve by convincing adversaries not to pursue WMD?

<p>To prevent them from utilizing WMD. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many countries have expressed support for the Proliferation Security Initiative?

<p>Over 70 countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of proactive counterproliferation efforts?

<p>To defend against and defeat WMD threats before they occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of not taking anticipatory action against threats?

<p>Greater risk of inaction leading to attacks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental aspect of democracy in addressing terrorism?

<p>It encourages the rule of law and peaceful resolution of disputes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do terrorists typically view individuals compared to democratic ideologies?

<p>As objects to be exploited and oppressed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does democracy offer in place of an ideology that justifies murder?

<p>Empowerment and respect for human dignity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between democracy and terrorism?

<p>Terrorists often denounce democracy as a threat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential for long-term defeat of terrorism?

<p>Addressing underlying grievances and social issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does independent media play in democracy regarding terrorism?

<p>It exposes and discredits falsehoods and propaganda. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does democracy counter the alienation that can lead to terrorism?

<p>Through empowering citizens and providing a stake in governance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the core differences between the ideology of terrorism and democratic principles?

<p>Democracy is based on empowerment, while terrorism is based on enslavement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Terrorist Organization Structure

Terrorist organizations often rely on small, independent cells with similar goals, rather than a centralized command structure.

Terrorism and Ideology

Terrorist activities are often fueled by a distorted interpretation of religious ideology, turning it into a justification for violence and oppression.

Military Action in the War on Terror

The fight against terrorism involves using military force and intelligence to weaken and dismantle terrorist groups, including preventing them from acquiring weapons of mass destruction.

Winning the War on Terror: Ideological Battle

Winning the War on Terror requires not only military action but also addressing the underlying ideologies that motivate terrorism, such as extremism and intolerance.

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Economic Causes of Terrorism

Terrorism is not inherently caused by poverty; rather, it arises from a complex interplay of factors, including ideology, political grievances, and social unrest.

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Foreign Assistance for Democracy

Providing financial aid to support the development of free and fair elections, rule of law, civil society, human rights, women's rights, independent media, and religious freedom in other countries. Aiming to promote democratic values and institutions.

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Military Training for Democracy

Tailoring military training and assistance to ensure military forces are accountable to civilians, uphold human rights, and support a democratic society. This prevents military becoming a threat to democracy.

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Targeted Sanctions

Imposing targeted sanctions on individuals or entities within oppressive regimes, aiming to pressure those in power without harming the general population.

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Discouraging Support for Oppressive Regimes

Discouraging other nations from providing support to oppressive regimes by highlighting the negative consequences of such actions.

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Partnering for Democracy

Working with other democracies to collaboratively promote freedom, democracy, and human rights in specific countries or regions. Combining efforts for greater impact.

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Promoting Democracy through Initiatives

Strengthening and creating new initiatives like the Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative, the Community of Democracies, and the UN Democracy Fund to promote democracy.

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Partnering with Civil Society

Collaborating creatively with NGOs and civil society groups to support and strengthen their efforts promoting democracy and human rights.

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Working with International Organizations

Supporting international organizations like the UN, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the African Union, and the Organization of American States in their efforts to promote democracy.

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Terrorist Ideology

An ideology that justifies the deliberate killing of innocent people, often by twisting religious beliefs or promoting conspiracy theories.

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Democracy's Power

The ability of citizens to participate in shaping their society and government, ensuring a peaceful and inclusive resolution of conflicts.

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Human Dignity

The principle of treating all individuals as equally valuable and deserving of respect, regardless of their background.

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Marketplace of Ideas

The process of using open discussion, debate, and a free press to counter falsehoods and promote truth.

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Culture of Conspiracy

The practice of using propaganda, misinformation, and conspiracy theories to sow distrust and incite violence.

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Alienated Groups

Groups within a democratic society that fail to embrace the benefits of freedom and inclusion, potentially becoming vulnerable to extremist ideologies.

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Terrorist Enslavement

The act of restricting freedom, controlling individuals, and imposing one's beliefs onto others.

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Terrorism and Democracy

The goal of terrorists is to eliminate democracy by intimidating, enslaving, and forcing compliance through violence.

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Darfur Conflict

A conflict in Sudan where a militia, supported by the Sudanese government, is committing genocide against rebel groups.

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Colombian Conflict

A conflict in Colombia where Marxist terrorists and drug traffickers threaten the democratic government.

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Venezuelan Destabilization

The Venezuelan government, led by a demagogue, is undermining democracy and destabilizing the region.

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Cuban Oppression

The Cuban government, under an anti-American dictator, restricts freedoms and seeks to undermine regional stability.

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Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)

The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group, is causing terror and exploiting regional conflict in Uganda.

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Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict

A conflict in Ethiopia and Eritrea caused by a border dispute.

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Nepalese Insurgency

A violent conflict in Nepal with the Maoist insurgency against the government.

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Northern Ireland Conflict

A violent conflict in Northern Ireland with the goal of ending the conflict through decommissioning of weapons.

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FTAs negotiated by the US since 2001

The United States has negotiated or implemented Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with 14 countries across 5 continents since 2001.

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What is a Free Trade Agreement (FTA)?

A free trade agreement (FTA) is an agreement between two or more countries that eliminates or reduces trade barriers between them, such as tariffs and quotas.

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CAFTA-DR

The Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) is a trade agreement between the United States and six Central American countries: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

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US trade agreement with Australia?

The United States has signed a free trade agreement with Australia, a significant ally and trading partner in the Asia-Pacific region.

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AGOA: What is it?

AGOA is a program that promotes trade between the United States and sub-Saharan African countries by providing preferential trade access.

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Preemptive Action

The idea that attacking an enemy before they attack you is justified to protect yourself.

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Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) are weapons that can cause widespread death and destruction, like nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.

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Deterrence

The concept of discouraging or preventing unwanted actions, such as the use of WMD, through the threat of consequences.

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Countering Proliferation of WMD

A comprehensive approach to address the threat of weapons of mass destruction that involves stopping the spread of these weapons, preventing their use, and minimizing the consequences of their use.

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Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)

An international effort established in 2003 to stop the shipment of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), their delivery systems, and related materials.

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Withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

The United States' withdrawal from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, which allowed the development of ballistic missile defense systems.

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Ballistic Missile Defenses

A system designed to intercept and destroy incoming ballistic missiles before they reach their target.

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Proactive Counterproliferation

A strategy that aims to defeat WMD and missile threats before they are used. This includes things like developing early warning systems, missile defense systems, and counter-proliferation efforts.

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Study Notes

The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2006)

  • War on Terror: America is at war against terrorism fueled by hatred and murder, a grave challenge. September 11, 2001, fully revealed this reality.
  • Promoting Freedom: The document highlights a dual goal of combating the war on terror and promoting freedom as an alternative to tyranny and despair.
  • Afghanistan and Iraq: US efforts focused on Afghanistan to bring down the Taliban and aid a democratic government, and Iraq to depose a dictator and ensure a united and stable democratic state.
  • Global Relations: The US seeks cooperative relations with major world powers and aims to foster economic development.
  • National Security Strategy: The document presents a two-pillar strategy: (1) promoting human dignity (freedom, justice, and human dignity) and (2) leading a global community of democracies to confront challenges.
  • Ending Tyranny: A key goal is ending tyranny through promotion of freedom, justice, and human dignity.
  • Effective Democracies: The document recognizes necessary elements of effective democracies, including respect for human rights, responsiveness to citizens, rule of law, and an independent judiciary.
  • Genocide Prevention: America emphasizes the imperative to prevent genocide as a moral and national security issue.
  • WMD Threat: The document emphasizes the danger of WMD, specifically the need to deny them to rogue states and terrorists.
  • Global Economic Growth: The US supports free markets and free trade to stimulate global economic growth.
  • Expanding Development: Assisting developing countries through economic and political reform (a major strategic priority) and supporting multilateral efforts like the MCC.
  • Regional Conflicts: International cooperation is vital to de-escalate and address conflicts across regions.
  • National Security Institutions: The document highlights initiatives aimed at strengthening national security institutions to meet challenges of the 21st century, including the Department of Homeland Security and reorganization of the Intelligence Community.
  • Globalization's Challenges: Globalization presents both opportunities and challenges (public health threats, illicit trade, environmental destruction, and WMD-related risks) that require a comprehensive response.
  • International Cooperation: The strategy emphasizes the importance of working with allies and partners (such as the UN and NATO) to address global challenges.
  • Western Hemisphere: The document highlights the US commitment to supporting democratic values and cooperative relationships with Canada and Mexico.
  • Africa and Central Asia: Supporting peace, stability, and democracy in these regions are important US foreign policy objectives.
  • Middle East: The document highlights maintaining relations with Middle Eastern nations, including those involved in the War on Terror, while promoting reforms.
  • Europe: The US seeks strong relationships with European allies and partners, emphasizing cooperation on issues like defense and security.
  • Russia: The document calls for working with Russia on mutual interests while working to encourage democratic trends.
  • 21st Century Challenges: The document details an approach to adapting to the security challenges of the 21st century.

Table of Contents (Page 4)

  • Topics outlined in the document's Table of Contents
  • Page numbers for each topic for easy referencing.

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Test your knowledge of international trade agreements and terrorism dynamics. This quiz covers key agreements, initiatives, and characteristics of modern terrorism. Explore topics such as Free Trade Agreements and their impact on global relations.

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