Questions and Answers
What is International Studies?
Which disciplines are included in international studies? (Select all that apply)
What is globalization?
The process of bringing regions of the world together.
What are some trends of the post WWII era?
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What is US leadership characterized by?
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Which of the following are IGOs? (Select all that apply)
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What was the primary role of the World Bank established in 1945?
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What did the International Monetary Fund (IMF) provide?
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What is 'Most Favored Nation Status'?
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Which two parts make up the UN?
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How many members are in the General Assembly?
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What do permanent members of the Security Council possess?
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Which countries are permanent members of the Security Council? (Select all that apply)
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What is the concept of a bipolar world?
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Which countries are part of the 'Nuclear Club'?
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What were the proxies for US and USSR involvement during the Cold War?
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What are the trends in the world's increasing interconnections? (Select all that apply)
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Define bilateral diplomacy.
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What defines a multipolar world?
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What does the Nonaligned Movement refer to?
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Which country is known for having publicly funded healthcare?
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What is NAFTA?
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What was the Marshall Plan?
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Al Qaeda was led by ______.
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What does social democracy combine?
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What is globalization characterized by?
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Study Notes
International Studies
- Interdisciplinary approach focuses on global issues, integrating multiple fields of study.
Disciplines of International Studies
- Key areas include history, geography, anthropology, economics, and political science.
Globalization
- Process of knitting together regions worldwide, promoting interconnectedness.
Post-WWII Trends
- US established leadership, faced challenges from the USSR, and saw increasing global interconnections.
US Leadership
- Created International Governmental Organizations (IGOs), prioritizing cooperative frameworks over isolation.
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
- Key examples include the World Bank, IMF, GATT/WTO, and the UN.
World Bank
- Formed in 1945 to assist European recovery, expanding US trade partners.
- Focused in the 1960s on providing loans for newly independent countries.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- Provides loans to stabilize currencies and regulate exchanges.
GATT/WTO
- Aims to lower trade barriers, promoting free trade through 'most favored nation' status.
Most Favored Nation Status
- Encourages reciprocal tariff reductions to enhance trade relationships.
United Nations (UN)
- Addresses global security threats; comprises a General Assembly and Security Council.
General Assembly
- Consists of 193 members making non-binding decisions.
Security Council
- Composed of 15 members, with 5 permanent members wielding veto power.
Permanent Members of the Security Council
- France, Great Britain, Russia, China, and the US.
Soviet Challenge
- Post-WWII, the USSR contested US dominance, leading to a bipolar global structure characterized by nuclear power and proxy conflicts.
Bipolar World
- Post-WWII geopolitical environment dominated by US and USSR alliances.
Nuclear Club
- Nations possessing nuclear capabilities include the US, Russia, France, Great Britain, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel.
Cold War
- Period marked by indirect conflict between US and USSR, exemplified by proxy wars in Afghanistan and Vietnam.
Increasing Interconnections
- Emergence of bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, alongside active non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
Bilateral Diplomacy
- Direct negotiations between two governments.
Multilateral Diplomacy
- Collaborative efforts among multiple governments.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Diverse entities contributing to various causes, leveraging technology for global influence.
Multipolar World
- Emergence of multiple power centers as developing nations sought independence from major powers.
1st, 2nd, and 3rd Worlds
- 1st World: industrialized, market economies.
- 2nd World: communist states under USSR influence.
- 3rd World: underdeveloped regions lacking infrastructure.
Nonaligned Movement
- Coalition of 3rd World countries seeking autonomy from major powers.
Group of 77
- Coalition of developing nations to bolster collective economic interests and elevate negotiating power in the UN.
US Relations with Asia
- Renewed focus on Asian allies due to their growing economies and strategic partnerships, notably with Japan and China.
US Relations with the Middle East
- Main concerns focus on Iran's nuclear capabilities and Syria’s use of chemical weapons.
US Relations with Africa
- Security concerns due to the presence of terrorist groups like Al-Shabab, Boko Haram, and ISIS.
US Relations with Latin America
- Notable neglect in policy focus until recent engagement attempts.
US Relations with Europe
- Strongest ally, excluding tensions with Russia.
US Economic Landscape
- The largest global economy characterized by rich natural resources and a mixed market economy with a split labor market.
"Too Big to Fail" Concept
- Response to the 2008 recession where the government intervened to stabilize major financial institutions.
American Dream
- Belief that success is attainable through hard work, irrespective of background.
Meritocracy
- Ideal that everyone should have equal opportunity to succeed based on individual skills.
Canada
- Features a publicly funded healthcare system and significant natural resources, operating a parliamentary system.
NAFTA
- North American Free Trade Agreement among the US, Canada, and Mexico facilitating trade.
Environmental Issues
- Highlighted by high per capita water consumption, pollution in key water bodies like the Colorado River and Great Lakes.
Historical Perspectives
- Incorporates diverse methodologies to study human activities through various lenses such as political, economic, and cultural history.
Empirical Approach to History
- Prioritizes observations over theoretical approaches.
Revisionism
- Encourages reassessment of historical narratives based on comprehensive evidence.
Primary vs. Secondary Sources
- Primary: firsthand accounts such as diaries and official documents.
- Secondary: narratives derived from primary sources, including articles and books.
Theories of History
- Providential, progressive, and cyclical theories on how history evolves and influences society.
Concept of Nation and State
- A nation is a collective united by shared culture and history; a state is an organized political entity.
Ethnic Group
- Community sharing cultural heritage without territorial association.
NATO
- Military alliance formed to deter Soviet expansion and provide member defense.
Warsaw Pact
- Military alliance of Soviet-aligned nations, now mostly obsolete post-USSR dissolution.
European Coal and Steel Community
- Economic collaboration among six countries leading to a broader European market.
European Union (EU)
- A political and economic union addressing various issues beyond trade.
Religious Landscape in Europe
- Major religions include Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodox Christianity, and Islam.
Liberal Democracy
- Political system emphasizing equality, free elections, and a constitutional framework.
Characteristics of Liberal Democracy
- Features free elections, civil rights, independent judiciary, and civilian governance of the military.
Marxism
- Advocates for class struggle and a socialist society through revolutionary means.
Fascism
- Authoritarian regime emphasizing state control over individual rights and political dissent.
Nazism
- A form of fascism infused with anti-Semitic ideology.
Nationalism
- Ideology promoting the superiority of one's nation and the pursuit of dominance.
Marshall Plan
- Aids European recovery post-WWII by providing substantial economic support.
Truman Doctrine
- Policy aiming to curb the spread of communism globally.
National Self-Determination
- Principle affirming the right of peoples to govern themselves.
Basque's ETA
- Armed movement in Spain seeking independence through violent means.
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
- Engagement in conflict against British rule in Northern Ireland.
Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
- Militant group founded to resist foreign intervention in the Arab world.
Transatlantic Economic Council
- Aimed at reducing trade and investment barriers across US, EU, and Latin America.
General System of Preference
- Provides tariff-free imports to the world's 49 least developed economies.
Social Democracy
- Blends market economy with extensive government welfare systems, promoting social equity.
Importance of Europe
- Largest free trade area and a major global player in exports and imports amidst energy dependencies.
Similarities and Differences Between US and Europe
- Shared democratic and capitalist values contrasted by varied approaches to tariffs, social policies, and healthcare systems.
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Test your understanding of key concepts in International Studies with these flashcards. Covering disciplines, globalization, and post-WWII trends, this quiz will help reinforce your knowledge in this interdisciplinary field.
