International Relations Concepts Quiz

A situation where no power is dominant in the international system.

Two superpowers compete with one another, and other states fall within the sphere of influence of one or the other superpower.

The process whereby a number of different actors provide a certain degree of order and predictability to relations among states.

<p>A superpower that exercises power primarily through leadership and persuasion, thus a large consensus is created around its actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of a central authority to make and enforce rules upon states in the international system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to the study of international politics that assumes that, because the international system is anarchic, security is the major preoccupation of states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a bipolar system, two superpowers are bound to compete with one another, and most if not all other states will fall under the influence of the superpowers that keep each other in check, increasing their power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Realists are skeptical of global governance, viewing it as limited by the ability and willingness of major powers. States prioritize sovereignty, leaving the international system anarchic despite shifts in power distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to international politics that assumes that increased social and cultural connections and economic interdependence are leading to the emergence of global civil society, in which cooperation, rule of law, and peace are valued and global governance is spreading both functionally and geographically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Countries with democratic governments that are stable, well accepted by ordinary citizens and political elites, and unlikely to be overthrown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A forcible overthrow of government by the military.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process of change involving abandoning authoritarian government for democratic rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependency theory argues that underdevelopment results from unequal power relations between the centre (dominant capitalist countries) and the periphery (poor, dependent countries).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition that involves the satisfaction of the basic needs of all of the people as well as the means for them to live fulfilling and productive lives based on the creation of a more diversified, sophisticated, and sustainable economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An economic model that emphasizes private enterprise and significantly limits the economic role of the state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of policies put together by the IMF and the WB that encourage developing countries generate more revenue for debt repayment by cutting government expenditures to balance their budgets, selling off government-owned enterprises (privatization), and fully opening their countries to foreign goods and investments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organization that has some ability to affect the global economic system, for example, IMF and the World Bank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A development model that views the traditional values, practices, and institutions of the Global South countries as the basic cause of underdevelopment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aid to the poorer countries given by the governments of the richer countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An economic policy that uses high tariffs to ensure that domestic firms have an edge when competing with foreign companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An economic policy that gives government a significant role in directing a country’s economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model of economic development with a capitalist system in which government and the biggest businesses co-operate to develop export industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This model aims to reduce imports and promote domestic production of goods that were previously imported, often with a focus on developing manufacturing industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A program administered by international financial institutions, which offers loans at very low interest rates to governments facing problems paying their debt on the condition that they adopt the programs endorsed by the Washington Consensus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system in which most businesses and corporations are privately owned and seek profit in a competitive market through the production and sale of goods and services with prices and wages determined by the workings of supply and demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total demand (or spending) in an economy is what drives growth and determines the level of jobs and production. When people and businesses spend more, the economy grows. If spending falls, the economy can shrink, leading to unemployment. Stimulating the economy, spending money/reducing taxes, when private investments are low. Cooling the economy, reducing spending/raising taxes, when investment creates inflation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adoption of practices of private business in the administrative activities of government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perspective that views public policies as the outcome of competition among a wide variety of organized groups that seek to protect and promote the interests of their members, with no group having a dominant influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perspective based on the assumption that all political actors rationally attempt to maximize their own individual interests or preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A course of action or inaction chosen by public authorities to address a given problem or interrelated set of problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perspective that views public policies as reflecting the preferences and priorities of those in important positions of authority within various state institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deputy minister runs the department with oversights by the Cabinet minister who is the political head of the department</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tax cuts for the wealthy aim to boost investment, creating jobs and economic growth. Supply-side Economics advocates increasing supply by lowering taxes on businesses and high-income earners to encourage production and reduce prices. The &quot;trickle-down&quot; effect suggests wealth eventually benefits all classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neo-Marxist theory views politics as reflecting the conflicts that result from the way society is organized, public policies in a capitalist society reflect the unequal power relations between the dominant capitalist forces and the subordinate working class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that states are the highest authority for their population and territory and are not subject to any external authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nation: A group of people who share a sense of common identity and who typically believe they should be self-governing within their homeland. State: independent, self-governing political community whose governing institutions have the capability to make rules that bind the population resigning in a given territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The policy of recognizing the cultural diversity of the country and providing encouragement and support for those of different cultures to help them retain and foster their cultures and traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nationalism based on common ancestry along with the cultural traditions and language associated with a particular ethnic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>De Jure: Legal right to absolute control over a territory. Example: Afghanistan (Taliban took power in 2021 but is not UN-recognized).De Facto: Actual ability to wield political power. Example: Taiwan (has its own government but is not internationally recognized due to the &quot;One China&quot; policy).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of governing in which the monarch acts as official head of state but is strictly limited in power by the constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A constitution whose major provisions are set out in a formal constitutional document or a set of constitutional documents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state of opposition, usually involving groups and the state, over something government is doing or proposes to do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oppositional political action that takes place outside formal channels, generally seeking to have government make significant changes in its policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An American anti-democratic, racist, group that embraces violence and presents itself as the alternative to democratic conservatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deliberate use of violence designed to induce fear in a population in order to achieve a political objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rebellion or revolt, especially one employing the tools of guerrilla warfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A blend of military and political action taken by a government to defeat an insurgency. The tactics are usually described as a mixture of repression and reform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of violence to overthrow a government, especially when the overthrow is followed by rapid, thorough social, economic, and political restructuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A revolution that changes not just who governs but also how a state is organized and how its society and economy are structured</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exclusion from the mainstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deliberate lawbreaking that accepts punishment by state authorities as part of the action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of highly political warfare around lightly armed irregulars who oppose a government and use hit and run tactics and political work to take power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>political violence used by a government against its citizens, generally as a way to repress dissent and keep order</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the legal separation of blacks and whites, particularly in the southern United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the use of physical force with a political objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A version of federalism in which some provincial or state governments have a greater degree of self-government than others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A version of federalism in which the federal and provincial or state governments each concern themselves with their own areas of constitutional authority without infringing upon the areas of authority of the other level of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of governing in which sovereign states have agreed to delegate some of their authority to a joint government with limited authority while retaining their sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A federal system in which the two levels of government are jointly involved in developing, financing, and administering many government services</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of governing in which the central government grants some legislative (law- making) powers as well as administrative responsibilities to one or more regional bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Payments made by the federal government to try to ensure that poorer provincial governments are able to provide an equivalent level of services to their populations without resorting to excessive levels of taxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of governing in which sovereign authority rests with the central government; regional and local governments are subordinate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A party system in which two major parties contend to control the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unitary has subordinate governments, they respond to an authority/was granted their authority while federal is where regional governments derive their own authority from its constitution and is considered a division of powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Led by the PM, with Cabinet ministers having the responsibility of heading a government department. Accountable to the house of commons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Views expressed in Cabinet remain secret enable full and frank discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>each member of the Cabinet is expected to fully support and defend the decisions &amp; actions that Cabinet takes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the elected chamber of Parliament, with each member representing a particular electoral district</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A government in which two or more political parties jointly govern, sharing the Cabinet positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a parliamentary system, the head of state is an important but largely ceremonial position but has the responsibility to ensure that a legitimate government is in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the person who carries out the duties and responsibilities of the monarch at the provincial level in Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government formed when the PM’s party has a majority of the members of the House of Commons, this a single party forms the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single party governs, but that party does not have a majority of the members in the House of Commons. Thus, a minority government needs to gain the support of one or more other parties to pass legislation and to stay in office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The party with the second-highest number of seats in the House of Commons, the official opposition leads off the questioning or criticism of government everyday that the House is sitting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A motion put forward by opposition members in a legislature expressing a lack of confidence in the government. If passed, the PM is expected to either resign or request that an election be held.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Close interrelationship between the political executive (PM &amp; Cabinet) and Parliament (the legislative or lawmaking body). The executive is generally composed of members of the House of Commons (the elected parliamentary body) and must maintain the support of the House of Commons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>expectation that members of each part will vote in accordance with the position that the party has adopted in caucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>office that provides support and political advice to the prime minister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ordinary members of the House of Commons who are not in the Cabinet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upper chamber of Parliament, appointed on the recommendation of the PM. Senators hold their positions until age 75. Government does not need to maintain confidence of the senate, &quot;sober second thought&quot; to check the House of Commons. Legislation requires approval from both the House of Commons and Senate, except for constitutional changes, which can be overridden by the Commons after 180 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A basic principle of the American presidential system in which each of the three branches of government is able to check the actions of the others so that no individual or institution becomes too powerful</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congress is the bicameral legislature in the US government, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, responsible for making laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the lower chamber of the US Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>president and other public officials can be removed from office after being accused of criminal behavior and convicted by a legislative body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of governing in which the president and Congress each separately derive their authority from being elected by the people and having a fixed term of office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the ability of the president to prevent the passage of a bill. Can be overridden by 2/3 majority in Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>elected president with a fixed term of office shares executive power with a prime minister and Cabinet who are collectively responsible to an elected legislature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government are separate from each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parliamentary: Close relation between head of executive (PM and Cabinet) and legislative (Parliament) and executive is accountable to parliament and must retain support to remain in office. Upper Chamber: Senate, Lower: HOC</p> <p>Presidential: Strong separation of power, president is head of state and government and does not need support of legislature. Power check includes approval on presidential nominations by senate. Lower Chamber of Congress: House of Representatives, elected members of districts. Upper chamber: Senate, two elected from each state. president and congress have separate bases of authority. Direct election of the president by the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parliamentary: Decisive action is easier with a majority government due to legislative dominance by the prime minister and Cabinet. Weak, unstable governments may result from fragmented party systems and unstable coalitions.</p> <p>Presidential: Strong, stable leadership with security of office. Presidents are elected in national votes and claim to represent the entire country. Limited ability to ensure coherent policy adoption due to Congress's independence, making decisive domestic action difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers