International Relations and Philosophy of Science
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Questions and Answers

In which publication can Niccoló Macciavelli's 'Il Principe' be found?

  • A History of International Relations Theory
  • The globalization of world politics
  • Classical Readings of International Relations (correct)
  • Leviathan

    • Who is the author of 'Leviathan', a classical reading in International Relations?

  • Rex Warner
  • Thomas Hobbes (correct)
  • Thucydides
  • Niccoló Macciavelli

    • What is the title of the 1996 publication by Andreas Osiander?

  • Introduction to International Relations
  • The interdependence of states and the theory of interstate relations (correct)
  • Classical and modern thought on International Relations
  • A History of International Relations Theory

    • Which publication is edited by John Baylis, Steve Smith, and Patricia Owens?

    <p>The globalization of world politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the authors of 'Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches'?

    <p>Robert Jackson and Georg Soerensen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which publication can Thucydides' 'History of the Peloponnesian War' be found?

    <p>Classical Readings of International Relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who edited 'International Relations in Political Thought: Texts from the Ancient Greeks to the First World War'?

    <p>Brown, Chris/Nardin, Terry/Rengger, Nicholas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the 1997 publication by Torbjörn Knutsen?

    <p>A History of International Relations Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the discipline of philosophy of science?

    <p>To understand what distinguishes scientific explanations and theoretical constructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of assumptions that a philosophy of science is based on?

    <p>Ontological, epistemological, and methodological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as the 'theory or philosophy behind a theory of International Relations'?

    <p>Meta-theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of assumptions in philosophy of science?

    <p>They are intellectual constructs of reality that are not subject to proof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the concept of assumptions in philosophy of science?

    <p>Ancient Greek philosophy and logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of assumptions in theory building?

    <p>They serve as a starting point for deducing or inferring theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of assumptions in philosophy of science?

    <p>They are not demonstrable by proof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a similar concept to assumptions in philosophy of science?

    <p>Axiom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the positivist account of science prioritize?

    <p>Epistemology over ontology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core epistemological position of positivism?

    <p>Empiricism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of knowledge according to empiricism?

    <p>Sensory experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of scientific inquiry in the positivist account of science?

    <p>Observables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epistemological status given to the human mind in rationalism?

    <p>Privileged over sensory experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for theories and hypotheses in the positivist account of science?

    <p>They must be inductively proved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical tradition does empiricism draw upon?

    <p>Ancient Greek philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite epistemological position to empiricism?

    <p>Rationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the philosophy of science emerge as a recognizable field of study?

    <p>In the 1920s and 1930s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the holder of the first chair of 'History and Theory of Inductive Science' established in Vienna in 1895?

    <p>Ernst Mach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why philosophy of science has become attractive to the social sciences?

    <p>The complexity of social sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the object studied in the philosophy of science discipline?

    <p>The nature and practice of science itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are associated with philosophical thought about the nature of science and scientific study in ancient Greece?

    <p>Democritus, Aristotle, and Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the progress of natural sciences in modern societies?

    <p>The improvement of everyday life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the philosophy of science in International Relations?

    <p>It takes up different positions on fundamental questions about the nature of the subject to be studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will we come back to the ideas of science inherent in the philosophy of ancient Greek philosophers?

    <p>In Unit 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the nature of being, existence, or reality in general?

    <p>Ontology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between ontology, epistemology, and methodology?

    <p>They are three core elements of a philosophy of science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an ontological claim?

    <p>Only material reality can be claimed to exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of how a 'universal' relates to a 'particular'?

    <p>Classical ontological problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Step 2 in understanding the nature of a philosophy of science?

    <p>To demonstrate the core elements of a philosophy of science using positivism as an example</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of a philosophy of science?

    <p>The understanding of science and its underlying assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about all systems of knowledge and the idea of knowledge about the world?

    <p>There are multiple accounts of what constitutes knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between different philosophies of science within the philosophy of science as an overall discipline?

    <p>There is always more than one account of what constitutes science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Required Reading and Philosophy of Science

    • Required reading includes Thucydides' "History of the Peloponnesian War", Niccoló Machiavelli's "Il Principe", Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan", and other classical readings of international relations.
    • The philosophy of science emerged as a recognizable field of study in the 1920s and 1930s with the Vienna Circle and Karl Popper.
    • The formation of philosophy of science as an academic discipline can be traced back to the end of the 19th century.

    Philosophy of Science and International Relations

    • Philosophy of science positions are often referred to as "meta-theory" or the theory behind a theory of international relations.
    • The object of study in philosophy of science is the nature and practice of science itself.
    • Any philosophy of science is based on three types of assumptions: ontological, epistemological, and methodological.

    Assumptions in Philosophy of Science

    • Assumptions are propositions taken for granted and not subject to proof as "true" or "false".
    • Assumptions serve as a starting point for deducting or inferring theory to derive logical conclusions.
    • The idea of assumptions originates in ancient Greek philosophy and logic.

    Ontology, Epistemology, and Methodology

    • Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence, or reality in general.
    • Ontological questions include "What is there?", "What is?", and "What exists?"
    • Epistemology is the philosophical study of knowledge, and empiricism is a core epistemological position in positivism.
    • Methodology is the practice of science and the specific methods of gaining knowledge.

    Empiricism and Positivism

    • Empiricism claims that there must be an empirical foundation for knowledge, and knowledge ultimately results from sensual observation and experience.
    • In the positivist account of science, only statements about phenomena that can be observed or experienced count as knowledge.
    • Theories and hypotheses are only acceptable if they can be inductively proved through experience and observation.

    Historical Development of Empiricism

    • Empiricism was largely developed through British Empiricism and is associated with the works of Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, and Adam Smith.
    • Empiricism draws on a long historical tradition of philosophical thought that goes back to ancient Greece.

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    Explore the foundations of international relations and philosophy of science through classical readings and key thinkers of the 20th century.

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