International Relations and Nationalism

National Interests and Foreign Policy

• National interests refer to goals or objectives that benefit a nation's overall welfare and security.
• Foreign policy involves strategies employed by a nation to protect its interests in international relations.

Quebec Nationalism

• The Quiet Revolution was a period of socio-political and socio-cultural change in Quebec during the 1960s, aimed at modernizing institutions and diminishing the Catholic Church's influence.
• The FLQ/October Crisis occurred in 1970 when the Front de libération du Québec kidnapped a British diplomat and a Quebec cabinet minister, leading to the invocation of the War Measures Act by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
• Pierre Elliot Trudeau was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, known for his strong stance against Quebec separatism and his implementation of the War Measures Act during the October Crisis.
• Sovereigntists advocate for Quebec's independence from Canada, while Federalists support Quebec remaining part of Canada.
• Two Quebec referendums were held in 1980 and 1995, resulting in a majority voting against independence.
• The Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords were failed constitutional amendments aimed at gaining Quebec's acceptance of the Constitution Act of 1982.
• The slogan "Masters in our own house" emphasized Quebec's desire for greater control over its affairs.
• Equalization Payments are federal transfers to less wealthy Canadian provinces to ensure similar public services across Canada.

World War I

• The Arms Race was a competitive buildup of military capabilities among nations, particularly between Germany and Britain, leading up to WWI.
• The War of Attrition strategy aimed to wear down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and material.
• The causes of WWI include MAIN (Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism) and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
• Militarism refers to the belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.
• German atrocities against Belgian civilians during their invasion of Belgium are known as The Rape of Belgium.
• Franz Ferdinand's assassination in Sarajevo triggered the onset of WWI.
• The Balkan Wars were conflicts preceding WWI, contributing to tensions among European powers.
• German Unification led to the formation of a powerful German Empire in 1871.
• The Dardanelles are a strategic strait in Turkey, focus of the failed Gallipoli Campaign by the Allies.
• The Moroccan Crisis was an international crisis over French control of Morocco, heightening tensions between Germany and France.
• The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty that ended WWI, placing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.
• The Triple Entente was an alliance of France, Russia, and Britain before and during WWI.
• The Triple Alliance was a pre-WWI alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
• The Allies were the coalition of countries opposing the Central Powers, including the Triple Entente and others.
• The Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in WWI.
• The Russian Revolution led to the overthrow of the Tsar and the rise of the Soviet Union in 1917.
• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate peace treaty signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, ending Russia's involvement in WWI.
• The Schlieffen Plan was Germany's military strategy to avoid a two-front war by quickly defeating France and then turning to Russia.
• The Blank Cheque referred to Germany's unconditional support for Austria-Hungary in the event of war.

This quiz covers key concepts in international relations, including national interests, foreign policy, self-determination, and Quebec nationalism.