IR, chapter 2, historical introduction

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According to the text, which International Relations (IR) approach emphasizes the role of human agency and the importance of ideas?

Social constructivism

What is underpinned/enabled by 'primary institutions' according to Hedley Bull in the context of international society?

Sovereignty

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a new issue on the international relations agenda after the end of the Cold War?

Nuclear proliferation

Which theoretical approach has grown in importance since the 1980s and emphasizes the role of human agency and the importance of ideas in international relations?

<p>Constructivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the two leading International Society theorists mentioned in the text?

<p>Martin Wight and Hedley Bull</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does IR stand for in the context of this text?

<p>International Relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the realism theory in international relations?

<p>Security</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which theory focuses on cooperation, peace, and progress?

<p>Liberalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory in international relations is concerned with interests, rules, and shared institutions?

<p>International Society (English School)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the International Political Economy (IPE) theory in international relations?

<p>Welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in international relations emphasizes ideas, norms, and intersubjective consciousness?

<p>Social Constructivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what do the main schools of general theory of international relations constitute?

<p>Metaphors or models for perceiving international relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Initially, what was the focus of the study of international politics as an academic discipline?

<p>Politics between states with a focus on war and peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do theoretical models help us with in the context of international relations?

<p>Organizing knowledge on the most important issues and facilitating the search for adequate answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasized the creation of law-like statements of IR without considering ethics and moral dilemmas of foreign policy?

<p>Neorealism</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which decade did complex interdependence become prevalent, focusing on collective problems, institutional arrangements, and the democratization process?

<p>1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasized the process of EU integration and the creation of common values and identities in the 1950s?

<p>Sociological liberalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory provided a historical and situational approach to IR that emphasized the anarchic society of interacting sovereign states?

<p>The English School</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which decade did neorealists and neoliberals have a significant debate, leading to a neo-neo synthesis?

<p>1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emerged in the context of decolonization and theorized economic underdevelopment in developing countries?

<p>Neo-Marxism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of International Political Economy (IPE) in the neo-Marxist debate?

<p>Distribution of resources and power</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasized trade, investment, travel, and communication as an alternative to realist thinking?

<p>'50s, '60s, and '70s IR focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

'50s Sociological liberalism emerged emphasizing which process?

<p>EU integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory theorized about economic underdevelopment in developing countries?

<p>Neo-Marxism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focused on the consequences of power dynamics in the international system?

<p>Neorealism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasized an anarchic society of interacting sovereign states?

<p>The English School</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following debates in IR theory emphasized the conflict between nations, human nature, and the need for national security?

<p>The Utopian Liberalism/Idealism vs. Realism debate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the key figures in IR theory mentioned in the text?

<p>Woodrow Wilson, E.H. Carr, Hans J. Morgenthau, Robert O. Keohane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event influenced the origins of IR as a separate academic discipline?

<p>The horrors of World War I</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasized the promotion of democracy, self-determination, and international institutions to prevent human suffering?

<p>Utopian Liberalism/Idealism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the second debate in IR theory?

<p>Resurgence of Realist thought and emphasis on inherent conflict between nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which debate saw the synthesis of liberalism, realism, and behaviorism?

<p>'Neo-neo' synthesis debate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Traditional approaches in the third debate of IR theory?

<p>Holistic, humanistic approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event influenced various IR debates according to the text?

<p>World Wars I and II</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shaped the development of IR theory according to the text?

<p>Competing ideas from historical and ideological contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

'neo-neo' synthesis refers to the synthesis of which approaches?

<p>'Neo-realism' vs. 'Neo-liberalism' debate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • The text discusses the development and debates in International Relations (IR) theory, focusing on the interplay of various approaches such as liberalism, realism, traditional methods, and behaviorism.
  • The origins of IR as a separate academic discipline were influenced by the horrors of World War I, and the subsequent belief that preventing human suffering required promoting democracy, self-determination, and international institutions.
  • The first debate in IR theory was between Utopian Liberalism/Idealism and Realism, with liberal thinkers attributing the war to the egoistic calculations of autocratic leaders and advocating for democratic governments and international organizations to prevent future conflicts.
  • The rise of fascist dictatorships in Europe and economic crises in the 1920s and 1930s led to a resurgence of Realist thought, which emphasized the inherent conflict between nations, human nature, and the need for distribution of power and national security.
  • The second debate in IR theory was between Traditional approaches and Behaviourism, with Traditionalists taking a holistic, humanistic approach and Behaviourists favoring objective, scientific methods and large data analysis.
  • The third debate, "neo-neo," saw the synthesis of liberalism, realism, and behaviorism, with some scholars embracing elements of Behaviourism and others remaining committed to traditional approaches.
  • Key figures in IR theory include Woodrow Wilson, E.H. Carr, Hans J. Morgenthau, and Robert O. Keohane.
  • Various IR debates have been influenced by historical events, such as World Wars I and II, and by the development of specific theories and analytical methods.
  • The text describes the evolution of IR theory as a series of debates and syntheses, with competing ideas shaping the field's development.
  • The text emphasizes the historical and ideological contexts of IR theory and the debate between Realist and Liberal approaches, which have influenced theorizing and policy-making in the field.
  • The text discusses the importance of understanding the historical context, methodological approaches, and ideological perspectives in the debates within and evolution of IR theory.

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