International Migration Trends
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated number of international migrants between 1970 and 2020, according to IOM?

  • 84 million to 281 million (correct)
  • 150 million to 300 million
  • 200 million to 400 million
  • 100 million to 200 million
  • What is the percentage of the population that is comprised of international migrants?

  • 3.60% of the population (correct)
  • 7.20% of the population
  • 5.10% of the population
  • 1.20% of the population
  • What is the main reason for people to seek better living conditions through migration?

  • Poverty and unemployment
  • Socio-economic inequalities (correct)
  • Wars and conflicts
  • Environmental disasters
  • What is the estimated number of migrant workers, according to ILO?

    <p>150 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for migration that is linked to fragility and often arises from poverty, wars, or natural disasters?

    <p>Forced migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for migration that involves people fleeing their hometown due to war, persecution, environmental disaster, or dearth?

    <p>Forced migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a complex migratory population movement including refugees, asylum seekers, and economic migrants?

    <p>Mixed migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a push factor that drives migration?

    <p>Persecution and war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for someone who has been forced to flee their country due to persecution, war, or violence?

    <p>Refugee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many asylum seekers were granted protection by the EU in 2022?

    <p>384,245</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why a refugee cannot return home?

    <p>They have a well-founded fear of persecution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a refugee and an internally displaced person (IDP)?

    <p>The IDP is not protected by international law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an environmental migrant?

    <p>Someone who has been forced to leave their home due to sudden or progressive change in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a push factor that influences migration?

    <p>Poor labour standards in their home country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why asylum seekers are not automatically recognized as refugees?

    <p>Not all asylum seekers will be found to be refugees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main demographic influence on migration?

    <p>Aging or excessive population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pull factor that influences migration?

    <p>Better employment opportunities in another country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the Lampedusa case is significant in terms of migration?

    <p>It is a primary route for migrants to enter Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of the 'needy state' of migrants?

    <p>The development of well-established and resilient smuggling and human trafficking networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why migrants and asylum seekers often choose to cross the Central Mediterranean route?

    <p>It is a more accessible route from sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a migrant according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM)?

    <p>A person who moves away from their usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an example of internal migration?

    <p>A person moving from rural to urban areas within a country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the European Commission, what is the definition of a migrant?

    <p>A person who moves within a country or across an international border for more than one year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an international migrant according to the United Nations?

    <p>A person who has changed their country of residence, regardless of the reason.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the IOM and European Commission definitions of a migrant?

    <p>The European Commission definition is more comprehensive, including internal migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common theme among the definitions of a migrant from the IOM, European Commission, and UN?

    <p>A focus on the voluntary or involuntary nature of the movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The total number of international migrants increased from 84 million in 1970 to 281 million in 2020, representing 3.60% of the global population.

    Categories of Migratory Flows

    • There are three main types of migration: voluntary, forced, and "mixed" type.
    • According to ILO, in 2022, there were 150 million migrant workers and 5 million international students.

    Forced Migration

    • Forced migration occurs when people are forced to leave their homes due to war, persecution, environmental disasters, or famine.
    • According to UNHCR, in 2022, 384,245 asylum seekers were granted protection in the EU, a 40% increase from the previous year.

    Mixed Migration

    • Mixed migration refers to a complex migratory population movement including refugees, asylum seekers, economic migrants, and other types of migrants.
    • This type of migration is often illegal and can be linked to human smuggling.

    Push and Pull Factors

    • Push factors: reasons that individuals might emigrate from their country, including socio-political, economic, and environmental factors.
    • Pull factors: reasons that an individual might choose a particular country, including better healthcare, education, and social services.

    Socio-Political Factors

    • Socio-political causes of migration can include persecution, war, and better healthcare, education, and social services.
    • Most people who emigrate for socio-political reasons can be defined as refugees or humanitarian migrants.

    Refugee, IDP, and Asylum-Seeker Definitions

    • Refugee: someone who has been forced to flee their country due to persecution, war, or violence.
    • IDP (Internally Displaced Person): someone who has been forced to flee their home but has not crossed an international border.
    • Asylum-seeker: someone who is seeking international protection.

    Demographic and Economic Factors

    • Demographic factors: aging or excessive population growth can influence the choice to leave one's country.
    • Economic factors: poor labor standards, high unemployment, and the overall health of a country's economy can push people to migrate.

    Environmental Factors

    • Environmental migrants: persons or groups of persons who are forced to leave their homes due to environmental changes that affect their lives or living conditions.
    • Examples of environmental factors include sea-level rise, drought, floods, cyclones, and earthquakes.

    Migration Flows to EU and Migration Routes

    • The Central Mediterranean route is a major pathway for migrants and asylum seekers to reach Italy and Malta from sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa.
    • The number of irregular migrants along this route has increased significantly since 2020.

    Lampedusa Case

    • Lampedusa is a gateway to Europe for migrants, with over 12,000 migrants arriving in 2022.
    • The island is closer to Africa than Sicily, making it a common route for migrants.

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    Related Documents

    AU-EU Migration Flows (PDF)

    Description

    Explore the changes in international migration from 1970 to 2020, and the complex factors driving this phenomenon. Learn about the socio-economic inequalities that force people to migrate and seek better living conditions.

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