International Marketing Strategies

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Questions and Answers

What does Export Intelligence Responsiveness (EIR) focus on?

EIR focuses on developing and implementing actions based on the disseminated intelligence.

How is the number of foreign markets related to a firm's export activities?

It reflects the extent of internationalization and influences the need for intelligence generation and dissemination.

What percentage of the contacted Italian coffee roasting SMEs completed the survey?

21.3% of the contacted SMEs completed the survey.

What is the definition of international marketing planning as stated in the provided content?

<p>It is a structured process where strategy, objectives, and actions are explicitly defined to address international business complexities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does responsiveness (EIR) have on export performance according to the findings?

<p>EIR has a direct and significant positive impact on export performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two core components of international marketing planning.

<p>Foreign market screening and defining marketing objectives and entry strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes export improvisation according to the content?

<p>Spontaneity and creativity in generating innovative ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What relationship was found between the presence of an export department and EMO components?

<p>The presence of an export department is positively related to both Export Intelligence Generation (EIG) and Export Intelligence Dissemination (EID).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do planning outcomes enhance a business's market performance?

<p>They enable enhanced responsiveness to market conditions and improve economic and customer performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might years of export experience not significantly impact EMO components?

<p>It is likely due to firms focusing on culturally similar markets which require less extensive intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a disaggregated analysis reveal about EIG, EID, and EIR?

<p>The analysis confirms that EIG and EID indirectly influence export performance by driving responsiveness (EIR).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two outcomes of improvisation in an exporting context?

<p>Greater flexibility to handle unforeseen challenges and encouragement of innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between market-driven and market-driving theories.

<p>Market-driven focuses on responding to existing customer needs, while market-driving shapes markets with groundbreaking innovations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average export intensity of the firms in the study?

<p>The average export intensity is 37%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a market-driven innovation.

<p>Apple improving its iPhone lineup based on consumer feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is international marketing?

<p>International marketing is the application of marketing principles across multiple countries, reflecting a market-driven approach that prioritizes customer needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of market orientation in the context of international marketing.

<p>Market orientation focuses on understanding and responding to customer needs, competitor strategies, and environmental dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for firms to balance market-driven and market-driving approaches?

<p>To innovate while remaining responsive to market demands and to ensure long-term business success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Export Market Orientation (EMO) encompass?

<p>EMO involves the generation, dissemination, and application of export-related information to enhance performance in international markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify and explain one key driver of Export Market Orientation.

<p>One key driver is investment in export information acquisition, which enhances a company's ability to understand and respond to market dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some sources of information vital for EMO?

<p>Vital sources of information for EMO include customers for insights on preferences, competitors for understanding strategies, and suppliers for supply chain insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does commitment to the marketing concept influence EMO?

<p>Commitment to the marketing concept fosters a customer-centric approach that enhances a company's adaptability in international markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What positive outcomes can arise from effective Export Market Orientation?

<p>Effective EMO can lead to increased sales growth, improved market share, and enhanced understanding of export environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the weekly topics covered in the module on international marketing.

<p>The module covers weekly topics such as international market orientation, decision-making strategies, cultural environment considerations, and global branding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the positive impacts of planning outcomes on economic performance?

<p>Planning outcomes positively impact economic performance by aligning resources and achieving long-term goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can excessive improvisation affect customer performance?

<p>Excessive improvisation can negatively impact customer performance by introducing chaos and reducing structured processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does responsiveness serve as a mediator between planning and customer performance?

<p>Responsiveness mediates by enhancing customer performance directly while planning indirectly improves it through increased responsiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of spontaneity on the planning-economic performance relationship?

<p>Spontaneity negatively moderates the planning-economic performance relationship, suggesting that excessive spontaneity undermines planning outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach do managers need to adopt regarding planning and improvisation?

<p>Managers should adopt a balanced approach that incorporates both planning and improvisation to avoid risks associated with relying too heavily on either.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does action orientation influence the planning-responsiveness relationship?

<p>Action orientation positively moderates the planning-responsiveness relationship by ensuring timely and effective execution of decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does planning serve in developing strategies according to managerial implications?

<p>Planning serves as a foundation for developing long-term strategies and contingency frameworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marked the significant shift in the study of culture in Hofstede's 1980 research?

<p>The significant shift marked by Hofstede's 1980 research was the quantification of cultural dimensions using IBM employee data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two criticisms of Hofstede's work regarding cultural dimensions.

<p>Two criticisms of Hofstede's work are outdated data and issues with the psychometric reliability of the VSM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methodology was used to ensure the reliability and validity of the instruments in the study?

<p>The study employed Cronbach's alpha for scale reliability and conducted Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses for structural validity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Masculinity-Femininity dimension in Hofstede's framework?

<p>The Masculinity-Femininity dimension focuses on the difference between achievement and relationship orientations within a culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is international marketing agility?

<p>It is the ability to adapt and respond quickly to changing international market conditions while maintaining strategic coherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do planning and improvisation complement each other in international marketing?

<p>Planning provides a structured approach with long-term goals, while improvisation allows for flexibility and responsiveness to immediate market changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a global company that successfully integrates planning and improvisation.

<p>Apple exemplifies this balance by implementing incremental changes in strategy along with the ability to make radical shifts when needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does export improvisation play in a firm's success?

<p>Export improvisation aids firms by enhancing their responsiveness and adaptability, which are critical for navigating unpredictable market conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of integrating planning with improvisation?

<p>Advantages include improved responsiveness to market changes and enhanced ability to achieve strategic goals through structured yet flexible approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the challenges associated with combining planning and improvisation?

<p>Challenges may involve balancing the need for structure with the necessity for flexibility, leading to potential conflicts in decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do decision-making frameworks support export success?

<p>Effective frameworks allow for both pre-defined strategies and the flexibility for ad hoc actions, promoting a balanced approach to decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for exporters to leverage both structured planning and improvisational skills?

<p>Leveraging both skills is vital for thriving in uncertain environments, enabling firms to navigate challenges while pursuing long-term goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

International Marketing Planning

A structured process for international business where strategies, goals, and actions are clearly defined to handle international business complexities.

Export Improvisation

The spontaneous action of responding to unexpected opportunities or problems in international markets.

Enhanced Responsiveness

The ability to respond quickly to changing market conditions.

Improved Economic and Customer Performance

Better financial results and customer satisfaction.

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Greater Flexibility and Agility

The flexibility and agility to handle unexpected challenges in international markets.

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Encourages Innovation and Adaptability

A creative and innovative approach to solving problems in international business.

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Market-Driven (Incremental Innovation)

Focusing on existing customer needs and market trends to improve products or services.

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Market-Driving (Radical Innovation)

Introducing completely new products or services that change the market landscape.

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Export Intelligence Responsiveness (EIR)

The ability of a company to react and adapt to changes in foreign markets based on gathered intelligence.

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Number of Foreign Markets

The number of countries a company exports to, demonstrating the breadth of its international reach.

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Export Market Opportunity (EMO)

The process of collecting, analyzing, and distributing information about foreign markets to aid in decision-making.

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Export Intelligence Gathering (EIG)

The stage of EMO involving gathering and securing relevant information about foreign markets.

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Export Intelligence Dissemination (EID)

The stage of EMO involving sharing and distributing relevant information about foreign markets to decision-makers.

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EIR's impact on export performance.

A significant factor that directly boosts export performance, reflecting the company's ability to act on market intelligence.

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Number of foreign markets and EMO

A company's international reach, reflected by the number of foreign markets it participates in, greatly impacts its need for intelligence gathering and dissemination.

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Dedicated export departments and EMO

A dedicated export department within a company facilitates intelligence gathering and dissemination, leading to more effective EMO practices.

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International Marketing Agility

The ability to rapidly adjust to changing international market conditions while staying true to your overall strategy.

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Integration of Planning and Improvisation

Involves creating a framework for decision-making that balances planned strategies with impromptu actions.

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How Export Improvisation Supports Success

Exporting companies that effectively use both planning and improvisation tend to be better positioned for success.

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Decision Theory in Exporting

Decision theory helps us analyze the interplay between planning and improvisation in export decision-making.

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What is International Marketing?

International marketing refers to applying marketing principles across various countries. It sees the global market as diverse yet interconnected. Each nation is a unique part.

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Dynamics of Planning and Improvisation

It's about understanding how planning and improvisation impact economic performance, customer satisfaction, and the ability to quickly respond to market changes.

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Export Responsiveness

The ability to quickly adjust marketing strategies to new market demands, like changing consumer preferences or new regulations.

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Market Orientation

A market orientation focuses on understanding and reacting to customer needs, competitor moves, and changing environmental factors. It's essential for effective international marketing.

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Export Performance

The overall performance of an exporting company in terms of sales, customer satisfaction, and market share.

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Export Market Orientation (EMO)

Export Market Orientation (EMO) prioritizes gathering, sharing, and using information related to exporting to boost performance in international markets.

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Where does EMO's information come from?

EMO draws insights from various sources to inform export strategy. Examples may include understanding preferred customer features, competitor pricing, or potential supply chain issues.

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How does EMO work in practice?

EMO requires a systematic approach to gathering, sharing, and responding to export-related information. This ensures flexibility and relevance in international markets.

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What influences EMO's success?

Companies that commit to the marketing concept, invest in gathering export-related information, and adapt culturally and operationally are more likely to see positive outcomes.

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What are the potential outcomes of EMO?

EMO can lead to better export performance, including sales growth and market share. It also helps understand export environments, allowing better resource allocation and strategic planning.

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What does this module cover?

The module explores various aspects of international marketing, starting with market orientation. It covers decision-making strategies, cultural considerations, research methods, market entry, product adaptation, global branding, and even AI in marketing.

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Individualism vs. Collectivism

The extent to which a culture values individual goals over collective goals.

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Power Distance

The degree to which a society accepts unequal distribution of power.

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Masculinity vs. Femininity

The emphasis on assertiveness, achievement, and competition versus nurturing, cooperation, and quality of life.

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Uncertainty Avoidance

The level of tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty in a culture.

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Long-Term Orientation

The importance placed on future-oriented behaviors such as perseverance and thrift.

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Cronbach's Alpha

A method used to measure the reliability of a scale or instrument.

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Factor Analysis

A statistical technique used to examine the underlying structure of an instrument and identify relationships among items.

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Measurement Invariance

A statistical technique used to assess whether the same measurement instrument performs similarly across different groups of people.

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Planning

A strategic approach where resources are aligned to achieve long-term goals. It helps optimize resource allocation, but can sometimes hinder quick adjustments to customer needs.

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Improvisation

A spontaneous approach emphasizing agility and quick adaptation to dynamic market changes. It allows for innovative solutions but can also introduce chaos if not managed properly.

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Responsiveness

Improvisation's impact on customer satisfaction, often increased by responsiveness.

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Planning and Responsiveness

Planning positively influences responsiveness, which in turn enhances customer performance.

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Planning and Improvisation Interaction - Spontaneity and Creativity

Combining planning with improvisation can create positive results, but excessive spontaneity or creativity can disrupt planning's structure.

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Planning and Improvisation Interaction - Action Orientation

Combining planning with improvisation can create positive results, but action orientation enhances the effectiveness of planning by ensuring decisions are implemented timely and effectively.

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Balanced Approach to Planning and Improvisation

Managers should strike a balance between planning and improvisation, leveraging action orientation to improve responsiveness.

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Training for Effective Improvisation

Managers should train employees to distinguish between effective and chaotic improvisation.

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Study Notes

International Marketing

  • International marketing applies marketing principles across multiple countries, viewing the global market as interconnected but diverse.
  • Marketing is a business philosophy and practical implementation, prioritizing customer needs and environmental adaptation.

Market Orientation

  • This approach emphasizes understanding customer needs, competitor strategies, and environmental influences to develop effective international marketing strategies.

Export Market Orientation (EMO)

  • EMO focuses on generating, disseminating, and applying export-related information to improve international market performance.
  • Data sources include customer insights, competitor analysis, supplier considerations, and relevant environmental factors (technological, regulatory, political, legal).

Drivers and Outcomes of EMO

  • Key drivers for EMO include commitment to the marketing concept, investment in export information, and cultural/operational adaptability.
  • Outcomes include a positive influence on export performance (sales growth and market share).

Module Structure and Assessment

  • Weekly topics cover international market orientation, decision-making in international marketing, cultural considerations, and more.
  • Assessment includes a compulsory essay question and one optional question (based on lecture content and journal articles like Pascucci et al., 2016).

Theoretical Foundations and Academic Sources

  • Key academic sources like Pascucci et al. (2016) and Souchon & Diamantopoulos (1999) are relevant for study.

Sample Exam Questions

  • Sample exam questions cover the marketing concept, export market implementation, and the consequences of EMO on export performance.

Export Market Orientation and International Performance in the Context of SMEs

  • This study explores the relationship between export market orientation (EMO) and export performance, particularly in the Italian coffee roasting industry.
  • It uses a disaggregated approach, studying individual EMO components (EIG, EID, EIR) rather than a combined measure.
  • This study analyzes the relationship between EMO components, antecedents to EMO, and export performance in SMEs.

Export Information Acquisition Modes

  • This study elaborates on export information acquisition modes, including formal marketing research, export assistance, and market intelligence gathering.
  • The study proposes a robust measurement framework for understanding how exporters acquire and utilize market information.

International Marketing Decision-Making

  • Strategic decision-making is detailed, covering explicit planning and on-the-spot improvisation for export success.
  • This study integrates planning with improvisation to offer a balanced approach to export decision-making in dynamic environments.

Key Concepts and Theories

  • International marketing planning is a structured process, with components like internationalization decision-making, market screenings, and cultural analyses.
  • Export improvisation is a practical and spontaneous approach that emphasizes creativity, action orientation, and adaptability within international settings.

Culture in International Marketing

  • Cultural values and behaviors vary significantly across nations, affecting the application of marketing concepts across international boundaries.
  • These differences impact business strategies, consumer preferences and global marketing strategies need to be tailored for this diversity.
  • Studies evaluating cultural dimensions, including Hofstede's and Trompenaars' frameworks, provide a foundation for comprehending and adapting marketing strategies to different cultural contexts.

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