International Marketing Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is a key factor in managing natural fluctuations in international markets?

  • Maintaining a rigid business plan
  • Building strong relationships and diverse business portfolios (correct)
  • Ignoring market trends
  • Focusing on short-term profits
  • Which of these is NOT a trend influencing international business in the future?

  • Decreased globalization of markets (correct)
  • Growing influence of international trade organizations
  • Acceptance of the free market system in developing countries
  • Increased use of social media platforms for international business
  • What is the main challenge for U.S. businesses in a globalized marketplace?

  • Ignoring foreign competitors and suppliers
  • Developing marketing strategies that appeal solely to domestic customers
  • Focusing on local market trends instead of global trends
  • Creating strategies to compete effectively in intensifying global markets (correct)
  • Which of the following best describes the key takeaway about flexibility in international marketing?

    <p>Flexibility is essential for survival in unpredictable international markets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are NOT considered types of nontariff barriers?

    <p>Tariffs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of tariffs?

    <p>To protect domestic markets from foreign competition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have foreign companies started building manufacturing plants in the U.S.?

    <p>To exploit the growing U.S. market (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major implication of increasing globalization for businesses?

    <p>Businesses can prioritize domestic customers over international ones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'ad valorem' duty?

    <p>A tax based on the percentage of the value of imported goods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the changing landscape of U.S. businesses in a globalized market?

    <p>U.S. companies are increasingly being controlled by or merging with foreign companies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential negative consequence of tariffs?

    <p>Improved balance of payments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a reason why international marketing is considered a necessity for economic survival?

    <p>It provides access to new markets and opportunities for growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of quotas?

    <p>To restrict the quantity of imported goods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common reason for a country to implement protectionist policies?

    <p>To increase competition in domestic markets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a tariff and a quota?

    <p>Tariffs are a tax, while quotas are a limit on quantity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of custom duty?

    <p>Quotas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'self-reference criterion' (SRC)?

    <p>The unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for a decision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in controlling the influence of the SRC?

    <p>Identifying the cultural values of the target market and incorporating them into the marketing plan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a tolerant person effectively relate to people from different cultures?

    <p>By understanding cultural differences and using that knowledge to relate effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between 'foreign environmental uncontrollables' and 'self-reference criterion'?

    <p>Foreign uncontrollables are external factors, while the SRC is an internal bias. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to successful international marketing, as described in the passage?

    <p>Adapting marketing strategies to environmental differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a 'foreign environmental uncontrollable'?

    <p>The level of technology in the target market. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethnocentrism?

    <p>The notion that people in one's own company, culture, or country know best how to do things. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recognizing the influence of the self-reference criterion (SRC)?

    <p>To identify and overcome cultural biases in decision-making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'dirty float'?

    <p>A system where a country's currency is manipulated by the government to influence its value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the World Bank's role in promoting international investment?

    <p>The World Bank provides investors with guarantees against 'non-commercial risk,' which encourages them to invest in developing countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'clean float' refer to in financial markets?

    <p>A currency exchange system where a country's currency is allowed to fluctuate freely without government intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key factor that triggered the First Opium War?

    <p>The Chinese government's crackdown on the opium trade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the services provided by the World Bank Group?

    <p>Regulating and controlling international trade between developing countries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in international finance?

    <p>To facilitate the settlement of international trade and reduce exchange rate fluctuations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cultural understanding, what does the statement "a culture has to adapt" mean?

    <p>Cultures are constantly evolving and adjusting to internal and external pressures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) in shaping Chinese culture?

    <p>It signaled the weakening of Chinese sovereignty and the beginning of unequal treaties with Western powers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to solve global trade problems according to GATT?

    <p>Consultation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

    <p>To regulate foreign exchange rates and promote international trade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between GATT and the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

    <p>GATT focuses on tariffs, while WTO covers a wider range of trade issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of "Import Relief", as described in the content?

    <p>To help US businesses adjust to increased competition from imports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a barrier to market access mentioned in the content?

    <p>Environmental regulations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the government's role in export expansion changed?

    <p>It has become more responsive to the needs of exporters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key principle of GATT?

    <p>Trade should be conducted on a non-discriminatory basis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the World Trade Organization (WTO) ensure fair trade practices?

    <p>By enforcing the agreements made by member countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of the Roosevelt Corollary, as an extension of the Monroe Doctrine?

    <p>To ensure the economic stability and financial obligations of Latin American countries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does 'expropriation' affect investment?

    <p>Expropriation usually involves compensation for the seized investment, though not always full reimbursement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial element does the text suggest is necessary to understand a country's attitude and fears?

    <p>An examination of the country's historical and cultural context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor influencing the economic profiles of a country?

    <p>Population density. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for marketers to be responsive to the geography of a country?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of geographical hurdles for a country's economy?

    <p>They limit economic growth and trade opportunities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between industrialization and environmental issues, as presented in the text?

    <p>Industrialization leads to increased pollution and resource depletion due to rapid expansion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of countries with limited economic resources?

    <p>They are disproportionately affected by natural and human-caused disasters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    International Marketing

    The promotion of products or services in multiple countries.

    Predictability of Markets

    Markets are often unpredictable and require adaptability.

    Interpersonal Relationships

    Building strong relationships helps manage market fluctuations.

    World Trade Organization (WTO)

    An international body that regulates trade agreements globally.

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    Free Market System Acceptance

    Increasing acceptance of free market principles in developing nations.

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    Impact of Technology

    Technological advancements dissolve national borders in trade.

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    Global Economic Interdependence

    Businesses must compete in a linked global economy.

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    Competition from Foreign Firms

    U.S. companies face competition from both domestic and international businesses.

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    Market Access Barriers

    Restrictions that inhibit goods from entering foreign markets.

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    Export Control List

    A list of products that require licenses for export.

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    Import Relief

    Remedies provided to US businesses harmed by imports.

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    GATT

    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, a foundational trade agreement post-WWII.

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    WTO

    World Trade Organization, formed to manage trade disputes and expand GATT's scope.

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    Non-Discriminatory Trade

    Trade conducted without favoritism towards specific countries.

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    IMF

    International Monetary Fund, helps nations maintain economic stability.

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    World Bank Group

    A group assisting countries in economic development and restructuring.

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    Protectionism

    The use of legal and psychological barriers to restrict imports.

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    Reasons for Protectionism

    Government restrictions are maintained for various reasons, like protecting local industries and jobs.

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    Nontariff Barriers

    Restrictions other than tariffs on imports, like quotas and health standards.

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    Tariff

    A tax imposed on imported goods to protect local markets or generate revenue.

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    Ad Valorem Duties

    Duties based on a percentage of the value of imported goods.

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    Specific Duties

    A fixed fee applied per unit weight or measure of quantity on imports.

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    Quota

    A limit set on the quantity or dollar amount of a specific good that can be imported.

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    Effects of Tariffs

    Tariffs can increase inflation and limit supply and consumer choices.

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    Foreign Environmental Uncontrollables

    Factors in foreign markets that a business cannot control, such as political forces and economic climate.

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    Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)

    An unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values when making decisions.

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    Ethnocentrism

    The belief that one's own culture or country knows best how to do things.

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    Steps to Control SRC

    A process to recognize and mitigate SRC influence in international problems.

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    Global Awareness

    Being aware and understanding cultural differences and worldwide trends.

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    Tolerance

    The ability to understand and accept different cultural behaviors.

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    Cultural Adaptation

    Adjusting marketing strategies based on cultural influences in different markets.

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    Consultation with Natives

    Seeking insight from local people to understand cultural nuances.

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    Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)

    A financial instrument representing value from major currencies, used in trade to reduce exchange rate risk.

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    Clean Float

    A currency system where exchange rates fluctuate naturally without manipulation by the government.

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    Dirty Float

    A currency system where a government actively influences its exchange rate through manipulation.

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    World Bank Services

    The various ways the World Bank supports developing countries, including loans and technical assistance.

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    Cultural Market

    A concept that reflects how history and geography shape a society's cultural values and economic activities.

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    First Opium War

    A conflict between China and Britain (1839-1842) driven by the opium trade, impacting China's sovereignty.

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    Treaty of Nanjing

    The 1842 treaty that ended the First Opium War, imposing unequal terms on China and affecting its future relationships.

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    Roosevelt Corollary

    Policy extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. intervention in Latin America.

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    Expropriation

    Seizure of an investment by a government with compensation to the owner.

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    Geographic Diversity

    Variation in climate and topography affecting a country's economic profile.

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    Climate Impact on Products

    Climatic features that influence product performance and requirements.

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    Economic Growth and Catastrophes

    Countries with few resources struggle more during natural disasters.

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    Latitude and Seasons

    Different seasons in northern and southern hemispheres impact global strategies.

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    Geographic Hurdles

    Natural features that impede economic growth and trade.

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    Nature and Industrialization

    Environmental issues rise as industrialization accelerates globally.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 1: The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing

    • International marketing is affected by worldwide events, including unpredictable ones. Planning and forecasting, and strong interpersonal relationships are important for success.
    • Flexibility and broad business portfolios are crucial for survival in international markets, where companies face competition from domestic and foreign firms.
    • Growth in global markets, increasing competitors, and the rise of international trade organizations (WTO) and free trade agreements are shaping the international business landscape.
    • Businesses now operate in highly interdependent global environments driven by technology, communication, and capital investment. International marketing is no longer a luxury, but a necessity.
    • Globalization creates an unavoidable meshing of domestic and foreign customers, competitors, and suppliers. Foreign companies are increasingly influential in the US market through exports and direct investment.

    Competitive Challenges Faced by U.S. Businesses

    • Companies are impacted by increased globalization.
    • They face competition from both domestic and foreign firms in all areas (customers, competitors, suppliers).
    • Some US companies are now foreign–owned or controlled.
    • Foreign firms are successfully entering US markets. This creates opportunity for foreign firms to expand and build manufacturing plants in the US.

    The Scope of the International Marketing Task

    • The international marketer's task is more complicated than a domestic marketer's, as they must contend with multiple uncontrollable environmental elements (competition, legal restraints, government, and consumer behaviors).
    • Controllable elements are marketing decisions within a company's direct control (e.g., product, price, promotion, distribution).

    The Importance of the Self-Reference Criterion (SRC) in International Marketing

    • Mastering cultural sensitivity is vital for effective international marketing.
    • Ethnocentrism (the belief that one's culture is superior) hinders successful international marketing.
    • Recognizing and managing SRC is critical for understanding and adapting to different cultural contexts.
    • Steps for addressing self-reference criterion are:
      1. Define the problem.
      2. Research foreign market customs and habits.
      3. Eliminate SRC influences.
      4. Redefine the problem and solution.

    The Progression of Becoming a Global Marketer

    • Internationalization is accelerated by factors like:
      1. High technology or marketing-based resources.
      2. Small home markets, larger production capacities.
      3. Key managers with strong international networks.
    • Companies can be categorized by the degree of international marketing involvement:
      1. No Direct Foreign Marketing
      2. Infrequent Foreign Marketing
      3. Regular Foreign Marketing
      4. International Marketing
      5. Global Marketing

    Chapter 2: The Dynamic Environment of International Trade

    • The US played a key role in re-establishing world trade after WWII through strategies such as the Marshall Plan, promoting capitalism and investing in global markets.
    • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was formed to lower barriers and foster global trade, evolving into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
    • Key figures in world trade include the IMF and the World Bank Group, which provide financial, technical, and policy guidance to developing countries.

    The Effects of Protectionism on World Trade

    • Protectionism is the use of legal, exchange, and psychological barriers by nations to limit imports.
    • Reasons for protectionism include protecting infant industries, protecting the home market, maintaining domestic employment, and national defense.

    Types of Trade Barriers

    • Tariffs (taxes on imports).
    • Quotas (quantitative restriction on imports).
    • Voluntary export restraints.
    • Embargoes.
    • Governmental regulations.
    • Standards (product standards that restrict imports from competing countries).

    Chapter 3: History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture

    • Geography, history, and current events affect a country's culture.
    • Understanding a country's history is vital for appreciating its current cultural values and attitudes.
    • Examining history through a foreign perspective (not just one's own) is important.

    The Economic Effects of Controlling Population Growth and Aging

    • Population demographics (e.g., birth rates, migration) directly influence consumer demand and market access.

    Communication Infrastructure as an Integral Part of International Commerce

    • Effective communication is fundamental to international commerce.
    • Technological advancements have drastically transformed communication methods, expanding international trade.

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    Description

    Explore the critical concepts of international marketing, focusing on its scope and challenges in a rapidly changing global landscape. Understand the importance of planning, flexibility, and interpersonal relationships in navigating complex markets influenced by globalization and technology. This chapter highlights the implications of international trade organizations and the competitive dynamics between domestic and foreign entities.

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