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Questions and Answers
What is a key factor in managing natural fluctuations in international markets?
What is a key factor in managing natural fluctuations in international markets?
Which of these is NOT a trend influencing international business in the future?
Which of these is NOT a trend influencing international business in the future?
What is the main challenge for U.S. businesses in a globalized marketplace?
What is the main challenge for U.S. businesses in a globalized marketplace?
Which of the following best describes the key takeaway about flexibility in international marketing?
Which of the following best describes the key takeaway about flexibility in international marketing?
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Which of the following are NOT considered types of nontariff barriers?
Which of the following are NOT considered types of nontariff barriers?
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What is the main purpose of tariffs?
What is the main purpose of tariffs?
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Why have foreign companies started building manufacturing plants in the U.S.?
Why have foreign companies started building manufacturing plants in the U.S.?
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What is a major implication of increasing globalization for businesses?
What is a major implication of increasing globalization for businesses?
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What is an 'ad valorem' duty?
What is an 'ad valorem' duty?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the changing landscape of U.S. businesses in a globalized market?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the changing landscape of U.S. businesses in a globalized market?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential negative consequence of tariffs?
Which of the following is NOT a potential negative consequence of tariffs?
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Which of these is a reason why international marketing is considered a necessity for economic survival?
Which of these is a reason why international marketing is considered a necessity for economic survival?
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What is the main purpose of quotas?
What is the main purpose of quotas?
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What is NOT a common reason for a country to implement protectionist policies?
What is NOT a common reason for a country to implement protectionist policies?
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What is the primary difference between a tariff and a quota?
What is the primary difference between a tariff and a quota?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of custom duty?
Which of the following is NOT a type of custom duty?
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What is the 'self-reference criterion' (SRC)?
What is the 'self-reference criterion' (SRC)?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in controlling the influence of the SRC?
Which of the following is NOT a step in controlling the influence of the SRC?
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How can a tolerant person effectively relate to people from different cultures?
How can a tolerant person effectively relate to people from different cultures?
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What is the primary difference between 'foreign environmental uncontrollables' and 'self-reference criterion'?
What is the primary difference between 'foreign environmental uncontrollables' and 'self-reference criterion'?
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What is the key to successful international marketing, as described in the passage?
What is the key to successful international marketing, as described in the passage?
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Which of the following is an example of a 'foreign environmental uncontrollable'?
Which of the following is an example of a 'foreign environmental uncontrollable'?
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What is ethnocentrism?
What is ethnocentrism?
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What is the purpose of recognizing the influence of the self-reference criterion (SRC)?
What is the purpose of recognizing the influence of the self-reference criterion (SRC)?
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What is a 'dirty float'?
What is a 'dirty float'?
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Which of the following describes the World Bank's role in promoting international investment?
Which of the following describes the World Bank's role in promoting international investment?
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What does the term 'clean float' refer to in financial markets?
What does the term 'clean float' refer to in financial markets?
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What was the key factor that triggered the First Opium War?
What was the key factor that triggered the First Opium War?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the services provided by the World Bank Group?
Which of the following is NOT one of the services provided by the World Bank Group?
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What is the primary role of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in international finance?
What is the primary role of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in international finance?
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In the context of cultural understanding, what does the statement "a culture has to adapt" mean?
In the context of cultural understanding, what does the statement "a culture has to adapt" mean?
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What is the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) in shaping Chinese culture?
What is the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) in shaping Chinese culture?
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What is the primary method used to solve global trade problems according to GATT?
What is the primary method used to solve global trade problems according to GATT?
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What is the main objective of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
What is the main objective of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
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What is a key difference between GATT and the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
What is a key difference between GATT and the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
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What is the purpose of "Import Relief", as described in the content?
What is the purpose of "Import Relief", as described in the content?
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Which of the following is NOT a barrier to market access mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a barrier to market access mentioned in the content?
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How has the government's role in export expansion changed?
How has the government's role in export expansion changed?
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Which of the following is a key principle of GATT?
Which of the following is a key principle of GATT?
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How does the World Trade Organization (WTO) ensure fair trade practices?
How does the World Trade Organization (WTO) ensure fair trade practices?
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What was the main objective of the Roosevelt Corollary, as an extension of the Monroe Doctrine?
What was the main objective of the Roosevelt Corollary, as an extension of the Monroe Doctrine?
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How does 'expropriation' affect investment?
How does 'expropriation' affect investment?
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What crucial element does the text suggest is necessary to understand a country's attitude and fears?
What crucial element does the text suggest is necessary to understand a country's attitude and fears?
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Which of these is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor influencing the economic profiles of a country?
Which of these is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor influencing the economic profiles of a country?
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Why is it essential for marketers to be responsive to the geography of a country?
Why is it essential for marketers to be responsive to the geography of a country?
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What is the main implication of geographical hurdles for a country's economy?
What is the main implication of geographical hurdles for a country's economy?
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What is the connection between industrialization and environmental issues, as presented in the text?
What is the connection between industrialization and environmental issues, as presented in the text?
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What is a key characteristic of countries with limited economic resources?
What is a key characteristic of countries with limited economic resources?
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Flashcards
International Marketing
International Marketing
The promotion of products or services in multiple countries.
Predictability of Markets
Predictability of Markets
Markets are often unpredictable and require adaptability.
Interpersonal Relationships
Interpersonal Relationships
Building strong relationships helps manage market fluctuations.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Free Market System Acceptance
Free Market System Acceptance
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Impact of Technology
Impact of Technology
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Global Economic Interdependence
Global Economic Interdependence
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Competition from Foreign Firms
Competition from Foreign Firms
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Market Access Barriers
Market Access Barriers
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Export Control List
Export Control List
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Import Relief
Import Relief
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GATT
GATT
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WTO
WTO
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Non-Discriminatory Trade
Non-Discriminatory Trade
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IMF
IMF
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World Bank Group
World Bank Group
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Protectionism
Protectionism
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Reasons for Protectionism
Reasons for Protectionism
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Nontariff Barriers
Nontariff Barriers
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Tariff
Tariff
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Ad Valorem Duties
Ad Valorem Duties
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Specific Duties
Specific Duties
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Quota
Quota
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Effects of Tariffs
Effects of Tariffs
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Foreign Environmental Uncontrollables
Foreign Environmental Uncontrollables
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Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)
Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)
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Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
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Steps to Control SRC
Steps to Control SRC
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Global Awareness
Global Awareness
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Tolerance
Tolerance
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Cultural Adaptation
Cultural Adaptation
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Consultation with Natives
Consultation with Natives
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Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
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Clean Float
Clean Float
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Dirty Float
Dirty Float
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World Bank Services
World Bank Services
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Cultural Market
Cultural Market
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First Opium War
First Opium War
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Treaty of Nanjing
Treaty of Nanjing
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Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt Corollary
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Expropriation
Expropriation
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Geographic Diversity
Geographic Diversity
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Climate Impact on Products
Climate Impact on Products
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Economic Growth and Catastrophes
Economic Growth and Catastrophes
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Latitude and Seasons
Latitude and Seasons
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Geographic Hurdles
Geographic Hurdles
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Nature and Industrialization
Nature and Industrialization
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing
- International marketing is affected by worldwide events, including unpredictable ones. Planning and forecasting, and strong interpersonal relationships are important for success.
- Flexibility and broad business portfolios are crucial for survival in international markets, where companies face competition from domestic and foreign firms.
- Growth in global markets, increasing competitors, and the rise of international trade organizations (WTO) and free trade agreements are shaping the international business landscape.
- Businesses now operate in highly interdependent global environments driven by technology, communication, and capital investment. International marketing is no longer a luxury, but a necessity.
- Globalization creates an unavoidable meshing of domestic and foreign customers, competitors, and suppliers. Foreign companies are increasingly influential in the US market through exports and direct investment.
Competitive Challenges Faced by U.S. Businesses
- Companies are impacted by increased globalization.
- They face competition from both domestic and foreign firms in all areas (customers, competitors, suppliers).
- Some US companies are now foreign–owned or controlled.
- Foreign firms are successfully entering US markets. This creates opportunity for foreign firms to expand and build manufacturing plants in the US.
The Scope of the International Marketing Task
- The international marketer's task is more complicated than a domestic marketer's, as they must contend with multiple uncontrollable environmental elements (competition, legal restraints, government, and consumer behaviors).
- Controllable elements are marketing decisions within a company's direct control (e.g., product, price, promotion, distribution).
The Importance of the Self-Reference Criterion (SRC) in International Marketing
- Mastering cultural sensitivity is vital for effective international marketing.
- Ethnocentrism (the belief that one's culture is superior) hinders successful international marketing.
- Recognizing and managing SRC is critical for understanding and adapting to different cultural contexts.
- Steps for addressing self-reference criterion are:
- Define the problem.
- Research foreign market customs and habits.
- Eliminate SRC influences.
- Redefine the problem and solution.
The Progression of Becoming a Global Marketer
- Internationalization is accelerated by factors like:
- High technology or marketing-based resources.
- Small home markets, larger production capacities.
- Key managers with strong international networks.
- Companies can be categorized by the degree of international marketing involvement:
- No Direct Foreign Marketing
- Infrequent Foreign Marketing
- Regular Foreign Marketing
- International Marketing
- Global Marketing
Chapter 2: The Dynamic Environment of International Trade
- The US played a key role in re-establishing world trade after WWII through strategies such as the Marshall Plan, promoting capitalism and investing in global markets.
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was formed to lower barriers and foster global trade, evolving into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
- Key figures in world trade include the IMF and the World Bank Group, which provide financial, technical, and policy guidance to developing countries.
The Effects of Protectionism on World Trade
- Protectionism is the use of legal, exchange, and psychological barriers by nations to limit imports.
- Reasons for protectionism include protecting infant industries, protecting the home market, maintaining domestic employment, and national defense.
Types of Trade Barriers
- Tariffs (taxes on imports).
- Quotas (quantitative restriction on imports).
- Voluntary export restraints.
- Embargoes.
- Governmental regulations.
- Standards (product standards that restrict imports from competing countries).
Chapter 3: History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture
- Geography, history, and current events affect a country's culture.
- Understanding a country's history is vital for appreciating its current cultural values and attitudes.
- Examining history through a foreign perspective (not just one's own) is important.
The Economic Effects of Controlling Population Growth and Aging
- Population demographics (e.g., birth rates, migration) directly influence consumer demand and market access.
Communication Infrastructure as an Integral Part of International Commerce
- Effective communication is fundamental to international commerce.
- Technological advancements have drastically transformed communication methods, expanding international trade.
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Description
Explore the critical concepts of international marketing, focusing on its scope and challenges in a rapidly changing global landscape. Understand the importance of planning, flexibility, and interpersonal relationships in navigating complex markets influenced by globalization and technology. This chapter highlights the implications of international trade organizations and the competitive dynamics between domestic and foreign entities.