International Law Terminologies

State and International Law

• An archipelagic state is a state constituted by one or more archipelagos and may include other islands.
• Anticipatory self-defense is when the use of force in anticipation of an attack is deemed legal if made in good faith, depending on the circumstances of imminent danger.
• Collective self-defense pertains to the right of states to come to the defense of another state whose situation meets the condition of legitimate individual self-defense (Article 51, UN Charter).
• The right to existence and self-defense provides that a state may take measures, including the use of force, as necessary to counteract any danger to its existence (Article 51, UN Charter).

International Institutions and Economy

• A corporation is a private institution that produces or manufactures goods, products, and services for a more expanded market, usually reaching regions of the world.
• International Financial Institutions (IFIs) provide support through loans or grants and technical advice to promote a country's economic and social development (Bhargava, 2006: 393).
• Globalism is an ideology based on the belief that the flow of people, goods, and information should flow freely across national borders (Roudometof, 2005).
• Global corporation is one of the major players in globalization and the modern capitalist market, alongside IFIs and governments.

Globalization and Governance

• Globalized society observes a greater flow of capitals, goods, services, and people.
• Horizontal integration occurs when a firm gains control of other firms performing similar marketing functions at the same level in the marketing sequence.
• Vertical integration is an expansion strategy where a firm takes control over one or more stages in the production or distribution of its products.
• Global governance refers to the collective efforts to identify, understand, and address worldwide problems that go beyond the problem-solving capacities of states (Weissis, 2010).

International Law and Refugees

• International law regulates the relations of states and international persons.
• States are entities that have rights and responsibilities under international law and have the capacity to maintain their rights by bringing international claims.
• A refugee is a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality and is unable or unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
• Salient rights of refugees include non-discrimination, wage-earning employment, free access to courts, duty of non-refoulement of states, self-employment, housing, freedom of religion, and others.

Territorial Acquisition and Diplomacy

• Discovery and occupation occur when a territory belonging to any state is placed under the sovereignty of the claiming state.
• Prescription is when a territory is acquired through continuous and uninterrupted possession over a long period of time.
• The right to legation pertains to the right of the state to send and receive diplomatic missions, which enables states to carry on friendly intercourse.
• Enumeration of basic principles concerning treaties includes Pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt, Pacta sunt servanda, and Rebuc sic stantibus.
• Landmark doctrines of state recognition include Wilson/Tobar Doctrine, Betancourt Doctrine, Lauterpacht Doctrine, and Stimson Doctrine.
• Types of baselines include normal baseline, straight baseline, closing lines across river mouths and bays, and archipelagic baselines.
• States can be created through discovery and occupation, prescription, cession, accretion, and conquest.