Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which source of international law is defined as establishing rules expressly recognized by contesting states?
Which source of international law is defined as establishing rules expressly recognized by contesting states?
What is recognized as evidence of a general practice accepted as law?
What is recognized as evidence of a general practice accepted as law?
Which of the following is NOT considered a source of international law?
Which of the following is NOT considered a source of international law?
Judicial decisions are categorized as which type of source of international law?
Judicial decisions are categorized as which type of source of international law?
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Which category includes principles recognized by civilizations that are considered foundational to law?
Which category includes principles recognized by civilizations that are considered foundational to law?
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The teachings of highly qualified publicists are used as which type of source in international law?
The teachings of highly qualified publicists are used as which type of source in international law?
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Which of the following sources of international law would most likely be influenced by changes in societal norms?
Which of the following sources of international law would most likely be influenced by changes in societal norms?
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Which source of international law primarily concerns the established practices of states?
Which source of international law primarily concerns the established practices of states?
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What principle emphasizes the need for states to coexist peacefully as neighbors?
What principle emphasizes the need for states to coexist peacefully as neighbors?
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Which of the following principles states that armed force should only be used in a common interest?
Which of the following principles states that armed force should only be used in a common interest?
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How many permanent members are there in the UN Security Council?
How many permanent members are there in the UN Security Council?
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What does every state possess under international law according to the principles outlined?
What does every state possess under international law according to the principles outlined?
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Which UN body is responsible for maintaining international peace and security?
Which UN body is responsible for maintaining international peace and security?
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What is a crucial obligation of states under international law?
What is a crucial obligation of states under international law?
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Which council consists of 193 members?
Which council consists of 193 members?
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What aspect is not included in the sovereignty of states?
What aspect is not included in the sovereignty of states?
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Which body consists of 54 members focused on social and economic issues?
Which body consists of 54 members focused on social and economic issues?
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What is the role of the International Court of Justice?
What is the role of the International Court of Justice?
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What does 'jus ad bellum' specifically refer to?
What does 'jus ad bellum' specifically refer to?
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Which article of the UN Charter outlines the prohibition of force against states?
Which article of the UN Charter outlines the prohibition of force against states?
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Which of the following is not an exception to the prohibition of force under the UN Charter?
Which of the following is not an exception to the prohibition of force under the UN Charter?
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What is the primary focus of 'jus in bello'?
What is the primary focus of 'jus in bello'?
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Which of these statements aligns with Article 2 of the UN Charter?
Which of these statements aligns with Article 2 of the UN Charter?
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Under Article 51 of the UN Charter, which right is preserved?
Under Article 51 of the UN Charter, which right is preserved?
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Which scenario is a valid instance of 'jus ad bellum'?
Which scenario is a valid instance of 'jus ad bellum'?
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What is the typical timeframe for the General Assembly's annual meeting?
What is the typical timeframe for the General Assembly's annual meeting?
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How often does the General Assembly convene special sessions?
How often does the General Assembly convene special sessions?
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Who has the authority to accredit national delegations as members of the UN?
Who has the authority to accredit national delegations as members of the UN?
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How many member states are elected to the Economic and Social Council?
How many member states are elected to the Economic and Social Council?
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What is the term length for member states elected to the Economic and Social Council?
What is the term length for member states elected to the Economic and Social Council?
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Which of the following is NOT a role of the General Assembly?
Which of the following is NOT a role of the General Assembly?
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Which entity is responsible for electing members to the Economic and Social Council?
Which entity is responsible for electing members to the Economic and Social Council?
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What is one of the types of sessions the General Assembly holds?
What is one of the types of sessions the General Assembly holds?
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Which of the following former UN Secretary-Generals served before António Guterres?
Which of the following former UN Secretary-Generals served before António Guterres?
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In what capacity does the Economic and Social Council operate within the UN framework?
In what capacity does the Economic and Social Council operate within the UN framework?
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What response prompted the adoption of the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
What response prompted the adoption of the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
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What action can Member States take according to the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution when the Security Council fails to act?
What action can Member States take according to the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution when the Security Council fails to act?
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During an emergency session convened under the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution, what can the General Assembly recommend?
During an emergency session convened under the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution, what can the General Assembly recommend?
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In what year was the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution adopted?
In what year was the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution adopted?
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Which General Assembly Resolution number corresponds to the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
Which General Assembly Resolution number corresponds to the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
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What is a possible measure that the General Assembly might recommend during an emergency session?
What is a possible measure that the General Assembly might recommend during an emergency session?
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What significant international issue triggered the discussions leading to the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
What significant international issue triggered the discussions leading to the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
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What is the primary function of the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
What is the primary function of the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution?
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What is an important limitation of the resolutions passed by the General Assembly under the 'Uniting for Peace' framework?
What is an important limitation of the resolutions passed by the General Assembly under the 'Uniting for Peace' framework?
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What was one of the historical contexts influencing the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution's adoption?
What was one of the historical contexts influencing the 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution's adoption?
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Study Notes
International Law Overview
- International law encompasses rules and principles governing relations between states.
- Key sources of international law include international conventions, custom, and general principles of law.
- The UN Charter outlines principles like state equality, sovereignty, and the obligation to fulfill international obligations.
UN Charter Principles
- States are equal under international law.
- States have full sovereignty.
- States have full independence and territorial integrity.
- States should carry out their international obligations.
UN Bodies
- Security Council (15 members): Primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.
- General Assembly (193 members): Controls finances of UN programs and operations, including peacekeeping.
- Economic and Social Council (54 members): Deals with economic and social issues.
- Secretariat (Secretary-General + 7500 staff): Administrative arm of the UN.
- International Court of Justice (15 Judges): Settles legal disputes between states.
- Trusteeship Council: Suspended operations since 1994.
UN Personnel
- Personnel numbers fluctuate, reaching highs in recent years (chart provided).
UN System Structure
- The UN system includes principal organs, subsidiary bodies, funds, programs, related organizations, specialized agencies (chart on page 8).
Security Council Members
- 15 members in total: 5 permanent (China, France, Russia, UK, USA) with veto power.
- 10 non-permanent members with 2-year terms.
Security Council Responsibilities
- Primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.
- Makes decisions that member states are obligated to implement
Security Council Resolutions
- Chapter VI of the UN Charter: Pacific Settlement of Disputes.
- Chapter VII of the UN Charter: Punitive measures against threats to international peace and security.
Article 51 - UN Charter
- Nothing in the UN Charter impairs the inherent right of self-defense (individual or collective) if an armed attack occurs.
Proposed Security Council Changes
- Possible changes to the Security Council structure (representation for Japan, Germany, India, Islamic countries, and Latin America/Africa) could require approval from permanent members.
The General Assembly
- Comprised of 193 countries, plus observer states (Palestine, Vatican).
- Central role in setting UN policies and finances.
General Assembly Vetoes
- Various topics generating vetoes over time in the General Assembly.
- Detailed topics and numbers of vetoes provided.
"Uniting for Peace" Resolution
- Adopted in 1950 to respond to Soviet Union vetoes during the Korean War.
- Allows emergency sessions, enabling the General Assembly to take action if the Security Council fails to maintain international peace and security.
UN Economic and Social Council
- Fifty-four member states, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms
UN Secretary-Generals
- Individuals who head the UN Secretariat (photographs).
The Secretariat
- Administrative body led by the Secretary-General and supporting UN activities.
UN Budget
- Individual and aggregate budgets for various UN functions, including regular budget and peace-keeping budget(numerical data).
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982)
- Defines maritime zones and associated rights and responsibilities for states concerning the ocean (graphic).
Right of Innocent Passage
- Passage through a state's territorial waters is considered innocent as long as it doesn't harm the coastal state's peace, good order, or security.
Territorial Waters
- Extend from the baseline to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles.
- Sovereignty and jurisdiction over these waters (including seabed and subsoil, airspace).
Contiguous Zone
- Extends up to 24nm from the territorial sea baseline.
- Enforces laws within the zone (such as preventing criminals)
Exclusive Economic Zone
- Extends 200 nautical miles from the baseline.
- Grants exclusive rights to the coastal state to exploit or conserve resources within the water or the seabed.
Other UN Laws and Policies
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT): Agreements establishing rules for countries with and without nuclear weapons.
- Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW): Prohibits the development, testing, production, stockpiling, use, and threat of nuclear weapons.
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): UN agency (in Vienna, Austria) responsible for verifying compliance with nuclear non-proliferation agreements.
- Laws of War: Jus ad bellum (conditions of war), Jus in bello (conduct during war).
- Is the use of nuclear weapons legal?: Extensive material on this multifaceted topic, including court decisions, factors and reasoning.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles and sources of international law, including the significance of the UN Charter. This quiz will challenge your understanding of state sovereignty, equality under international law, and the roles of various UN bodies in maintaining global order.
