Questions and Answers
Which type of law protects rights and privileges in a society?
What is a common source of law across many countries?
What is the focus of Public International Law?
Which legal system operates on federal, provincial/state, and municipal levels?
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What type of law governs relationships between individuals or organizations across borders?
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What is an example of a source of law based on custom rather than written statutes?
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What is the role of the World Trade Organization?
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Which of these is NOT considered a type of law?
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What is a key benefit of international trade agreements?
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Which of the following is included in international trade agreements?
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What criticism is often associated with trade agreements like NAFTA?
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Which of the following was a significant outcome of NAFTA for Canada?
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What is an example of economic integration mentioned in the content?
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NAFTA was designed to abolish tariffs on what percentage of traded goods?
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What is a primary aim of multilateral and bilateral trade agreements?
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What economic impact do supporters attribute to NAFTA in the U.S.?
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Study Notes
What is the Law?
- Law consists of rules established by a society to regulate citizens' actions.
- Influenced by moral, social, political, and economic values, which differ among countries.
- Three primary types of laws:
- Laws that establish and protect rights and privileges.
- Laws that restrict rights and privileges.
- Laws providing enforcement mechanisms for rights and privileges.
Sources of Law
- Legal systems differ by nation but share common sources:
- Constitution: Fundamental legal framework of a country.
- Declaration of citizen rights: Often based on international standards like the UN Human Rights Declaration.
- Customary law: Based on traditions rather than formal written law.
- International treaties: Agreements creating binding obligations between nations.
- Statutes: Laws passed by elected legislatures.
- Regulations: Secondary legislation issued by government agencies.
- Court decisions: Interpretations of laws in common law jurisdictions.
Federal Systems and National Jurisdictions
- Federal systems maintain laws and regulations at multiple levels: federal, provincial/state, and municipal.
International Law
- Governs relationships and transactions between nations.
- Types of international law:
- Public International Law: Concerns relations between countries for global stability (e.g., armed conflict, human trafficking).
- Private International Law: Focuses on disputes involving individuals or organizations (e.g., jurisdictional issues).
- International Treaties: Laws created voluntarily between nations.
International Organizations
- The World Trade Organization (WTO) is key in regulating international trade.
- Aims for smooth, predictable, and free trade across nations.
- Includes both goods and services; addresses intellectual property rights.
- Facilitates dispute resolution among member nations but faces criticism for inefficiencies and abuses.
International Trade Agreements
- Objectives of global trade agreements:
- Reduce customs tariffs and eliminate trade barriers.
- Ensure open markets for services.
- Establish dispute resolution procedures.
- Offer special treatment for developing countries.
Multilateral and Bilateral Trade Agreements
- Involve:
- Terms for importing and exporting services.
- Regulations related to intellectual property.
- Conditions for foreign investment.
- Guidelines for government procurement activities.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- A regional agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico that eliminated tariffs on 99% of traded goods.
- Key components include:
- Market access provisions for goods.
- Rules of origin specifications.
- Customs regulations.
- Protection of intellectual property rights.
NAFTA's Economic Impact
- Since implementation in 1994, Canada has experienced almost CAD 1.2 trillion in GDP growth and the creation of 4.7 million jobs.
- U.S. supporters claim NAFTA contributes USD 80 billion annually to the U.S. economy and creates nearly 200,000 export-related jobs each year.
- Mexico faces ongoing issues: persistent poverty, high unemployment, struggling agriculture, and elevated immigration rates.
Economic Integration
- Agreements between geographically close countries aim to reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers for free trade.
- Promotes movement of goods, services, and production factors.
- The European Union (EU) exemplifies economic integration, facilitating free movement of goods and factors of production among member nations.
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 3 of International Law, exploring various aspects such as the definition of law, sources of law, and international trade agreements. It examines the role of law in society, the influence of various values on legal systems, and legal considerations in foreign market entry activities. Test your understanding of these fundamental legal concepts.
