International Law and Trade Agreements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which entity has the authority to hear appeals from rulings made by the Dispute Settlement Body?

  • WTO Appellate Body (correct)
  • United Nations General Assembly
  • International Court of Arbitration
  • International Chamber of Commerce

    • Which of the following best describes the purpose of Incoterms rules?

  • To standardize the interpretation of intellectual property rights in trade agreements.
  • To clarify the responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international trade contracts. (correct)
  • To establish international laws governing trade disputes.
  • To regulate tariffs and quotas between countries.

    • The International Court of Arbitration operates under the umbrella of which organization?

  • United Nations (UN)
  • International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) (correct)
  • World Trade Organization (WTO)
  • African Union (AU)

    • Differentiate between public and private international law.

    <p>Public international law governs relationships between countries, private international law applies to cross-border commerce between private parties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a country introduces an amendment to an existing trade treaty, what is this amendment typically called?

    <p>A protocol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Act of State Doctrine and Sovereign Immunity are examples of what?

    <p>Principles of international law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was replaced by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)?

    <p>North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the African Continental Free Trade Act (AfCFTA)?

    <p>To provide access to goods and services across African countries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the U.S. Constitution and international law?

    <p>The Foreign Commerce Clause grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the United Nations Security Council?

    <p>To maintain international peace and security. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

    <p>Promoting stable international monetary policies and facilitating international trade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Country A grants 'Most Favored Nation' status to Country B, what does this entail under WTO/GATT rules?

    <p>Country A is required to offer Country B the lowest tariff rates it applies to any other nation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body?

    <p>To resolve trade disputes between member nations by reviewing panel reports. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the World Bank contribute to international development?

    <p>By providing financial assistance to developing countries for humanitarian projects and poverty reduction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Against what entities can cases be brought before the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

    <p>Only nations involving treaties and UN Charter interpretations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the legislative body of the United Nations, responsible for passing resolutions on various global issues?

    <p>The General Assembly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best exemplifies the application of the Act of State Doctrine?

    <p>A U.S. judge refuses to evaluate the legitimacy of a land seizure by a foreign government within its own territory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A U.S. company believes a foreign nation violated international law by seizing its assets within that nation's borders. Under what circumstance could the company sue the foreign government in a U.S. court?

    <p>If the company can prove the foreign government confiscated the property in violation of international law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a civil law system, what is the primary source of legal authority that courts rely upon when making judgments?

    <p>A comprehensive statutory code. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A country's laws extending their power outside its borders is referred to as:

    <p>Extraterritoriality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic typically associated with civil law systems?

    <p>An inquisitorial process of dispute resolution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legal effect of jus cogens in international law?

    <p>It establishes a fundamental legal principle that cannot be changed by any nation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A foreign judgment is recognized by a court system to assist in the outcome gathered by another country. This is referred to as:

    <p>Foreign Enforcement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), what is a 'waiver' in the context of lawsuits against foreign governments?

    <p>A voluntary surrender of sovereign immunity by the foreign country, allowing the lawsuit to proceed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    International Law

    Regulates affairs between nations and cross-border businesses.

    U.S. Constitutional Foundation for International Law

    Framework allowing Congress to regulate foreign commerce and treaties.

    Foreign Commerce Clause

    Allows Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations.

    Treaty Clause

    Empowers the president to make treaties, pending Senate ratification.

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    United Nations (UN)

    International organization with 193 member countries focused on global cooperation.

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    World Trade Organization (WTO)

    International body promoting trade agreements among 160 members.

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    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

    Treaty that establishes trade agreements and limits tariffs post-WWII.

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    International Court of Justice (ICJ)

    UN's judicial branch resolving disputes between nations on treaties.

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    WTO Appellate Body

    Panel of seven judges that hears appeals from dispute decisions within WTO.

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    Incoterms Rules

    A series of codes clarifying responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international contracts.

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    CIF

    Cost, Insurance, and Freight – an Incoterm indicating seller's responsibility for costs and insurance.

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    Public International Law

    Rules governing relationships between countries and international organizations.

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    Bilateral Trade Agreements

    Agreements between two countries to promote trade and reduce barriers.

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    USMCA

    Agreement to replace NAFTA, promoting modernized trade between the US, Mexico, and Canada.

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    African Union

    Organization aiming for political unity among African nations.

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    CISG

    U.N. Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods, guiding international sales.

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    Customary International Law

    International law that becomes binding through consistent, long-standing behavior.

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    Jus Cogens

    Fundamental legal principles that cannot be altered across nations.

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    Sovereign Immunity

    Holds that one nation's courts cannot hear suits against foreign governments.

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    FSIA

    U.S. statute limiting lawsuits against foreign governments with exceptions.

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    Act of State Doctrine

    Judges do not question acts of other nations within their borders.

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    Extraterritoriality

    Laws of a country that apply beyond its borders.

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    Civil Law

    Law based primarily on statutes and codes without juries.

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    Religious Law

    Legal systems that follow and codify religious principles.

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    Study Notes

    International Law

    • Governs interactions between nations and business transactions across countries
    • No single world legislative body, executive, or court for enforcement
    • US Constitution provides the foundation for international law, specifically through the Foreign Commerce Clause
    • Treaty Clause: President negotiates but treaties require 2/3 Senate approval to become law

    Actors in International Law

    • United Nations (UN): 193 member countries, led by a Secretary-General elected by the General Assembly
    • General Assembly: UN's legislative branch, focuses on human rights, trade, finance, and commerce

    UN Bodies

    • Security Council (15 members, 5 permanent, 10 rotating) responsible for maintaining international peace.
    • International Monetary Fund (IMF): Promotes sound monetary and macroeconomic policies worldwide, with 189 members.
    • World Bank: Provides funds to developing countries for humanitarian projects and poverty alleviation.
    • UNICEF: Agency focused on the lives of children globally.
    • UNESCO: Promotes education, science, and culture.
    • International Court of Justice (ICJ): UN's judicial branch, situated in The Hague, Netherlands. Nations can’t be forced to participate in court cases, only those countries that submit to the jurisdiction of the court can be subjected to the ICJ's decisions, which apply only to those states that have agreed to abide by the decisions.

    International Law Agreements

    • GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade): Established international trade agreements, aiming to reduce trade restrictions
    • WTO (World Trade Organization): An international organization of 160 members promoting international trade agreements
    • WTO Panels: Bodies of judges handling trade disputes between nations.
    • WTO Appellate Body: Reviews decisions from dispute panels, consisting of 7 judges.
    • International Chamber of Commerce (ICC): Organization providing incoterms which defines the responsibilities of parties in international trade transactions.

    International Law Concepts

    • International Court of Arbitration (ICA): Forum for settling disputes among nations through arbitration, run by the ICC.
    • Public International Law: governing relationships between countries and international organizations
    • Private International Law: governing cross-border commerce involving private parties.

    Types of International Agreements

    • Treaties: Agreements between two or more states
    • Bilateral Treaties: Agreements between two states
    • Multilateral Treaties: Agreements among multiple states
    • Protocols: Amendments to treaties
    • Conventions: Agreements setting standards or principles
    • Customary International Law: Binding rules arising from consistent state practice
    • Jus Cogens: Fundamental legal principles that can't be changed, found in customary international law
    • Act of State Doctrine: Doctrine stating a country's judge cannot question another country's actions within its borders.
    • Sovereign Immunity: Doctrine stating a country's courts can't hear cases against a foreign government.
    • Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA): US statute that limits when US courts can hear cases against foreign governments
    • Extra-territoriality: A country’s power to extend its laws outside its national borders

    Trade Agreements

    • Regional Trade Agreements (Examples: NAFTA, USMCA, EU): Agreements between countries in a region to promote trade.
    • Example of Regional Trade: (Examples: Mexico-Canada-US, the EU).
    • Example of Bilateral trade: (Examples: USMCA.)
    • Civil Law: Primary source is statutory code, interpreted by courts. Examples: UK, Saudi Arabia
    • Common Law: Rules developed by courts over time. Examples: US

    Islamic Law

    • Islamic law governs aspects.
    • Sharia: Islamic law

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    Related Documents

    International Law PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various aspects of international law and trade agreements. This quiz covers topics such as the authority to hear appeals, the purpose of Incoterms, and the functions of major international organizations. Challenge yourself with questions related to trade treaties and the roles of entities like the IMF and the UN.

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