International Law Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of international law?

  • Absence of a centralized law-making body (correct)
  • Existence of a supreme authority to enforce laws
  • Uniform application of laws across all states
  • Automatic enforcement of international treaties

    • What are countermeasures in international law aimed at?

  • Establishing diplomatic relations
  • Ensuring global governance
  • Punishing states for wrongful acts (correct)
  • Encouraging economic cooperation

    • Which of the following is considered a principle of jus cogens?

  • Right to free speech
  • Prohibition against slavery (correct)
  • Right to bear arms
  • Right to privacy

    • What is the primary goal of international law?

    <p>To regulate relations between states and international organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the rule of law guarantee within a state?

    <p>Equal application of laws to all individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mediation in the context of international disputes?

    <p>Non-binding intervention to promote resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of sanctions?

    <p>They can harm both imposing and targeted states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of law includes customary international law and international treaties?

    <p>International law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the prohibition on customs duties within the EU Customs Union?

    <p>To combat trade obstacles between member states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the EU Customs Union established?

    <p>1968</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following documents contains Article 28 that stipulates the customs union for the EU?

    <p>Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central piece of EU custom legislation that was enacted in 2013?

    <p>Union Customs Code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization significantly shapes EU customs legislation through its international instruments?

    <p>World Trade Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Customs Union play within the EU?

    <p>It supports the EU's internal market and common commercial policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of international instruments does EU customs law reflect to overcome language barriers?

    <p>Standardization through codes instead of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the key drivers for international trade facilitation according to the content?

    <p>European Court of Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the new Regulation on Foreign Subsidies?

    <p>To address distortive effects of foreign subsidies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a tool included in the EU competition policy toolbox?

    <p>Merger control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 101 of the TFEU prohibit?

    <p>Anti-competitive agreements that restrict competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a leniency application in the context of anti-competitive agreements?

    <p>The firm may receive full exemption from fines for cooperating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of State aid rules in the context of competition policy?

    <p>To prevent distortions caused by preferential treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be an origin of Article 101 cases?

    <p>A complaint submitted by a third party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of the EU competition policy tools?

    <p>Ensuring public safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes horizontal agreements from vertical agreements?

    <p>Horizontal agreements occur between companies at the same supply chain level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence for DPAG if found to have violated EU competition laws?

    <p>Fines up to 10% of global revenue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is likely to be viewed unfavorably by the European Commission?

    <p>Using profits from a state-sanctioned monopoly to subsidize services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes DPAG's defense regarding its pricing strategy?

    <p>There was no intent to harm competition in the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the European Commission impose to stop DPAG's pricing practices?

    <p>Cease and desist orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the EU competition rules?

    <p>To enable proper functioning of the internal market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these sanctions is NOT listed as a possible consequence for DPAG?

    <p>Mandatory employee layoffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might DPAG's chance of a successful defense appear low according to the context?

    <p>Cross-subsidization is often disapproved by the European Commission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be considered illegal state aid in DPAG's case?

    <p>Utilizing profits from a monopoly to subsidize services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of safeguard measures in the EU?

    <p>To address sudden increases in imports affecting domestic industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for applying countervailing measures?

    <p>There must be an international trade agreement in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met for anti-dumping measures to be applied in the EU?

    <p>The exports must be lower than the domestic price or production cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major change regarding the trade of goods under the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement?

    <p>There are no tariffs or quotas for good trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stakeholders' interests must be considered when imposing measures in the EU?

    <p>All stakeholders including importers and customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the access to services under the Trade and Cooperation Agreement?

    <p>Limited access for services, particularly in financial services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a safeguard measure as being 'erga omnes'?

    <p>It is a protective measure against all countries without discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of imposing countervailing duties by the EU?

    <p>To counteract state aids that harm competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected effect on EU access to UK waters as per the fisheries provision?

    <p>Access will decrease gradually over 5.5 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is included in the 'Level Playing Field' provisions of the agreement?

    <p>Provisions covering labor rights and environmental protections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be proven to apply anti-dumping measures beside the act of dumping?

    <p>A causal link exists between injury and dumped imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change has occurred regarding the free movement of people under the agreement?

    <p>UK citizens can travel visa-free for short stays only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines a 'sudden' increase in imports qualifying for safeguards?

    <p>An unpredictable and sharp peak in imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cooperation is addressed under the security provisions?

    <p>Reduced access to law enforcement and data sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What governance structure was established by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement?

    <p>A Joint Partnership Council to oversee the agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the Trade and Cooperation Agreement have on small and medium-sized businesses?

    <p>Increased trade frictions due to new customs checks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Business Law in the EU

    • UN created in 1945 after WWII to maintain global peace. The UN has 193 members (excluding Vatican City and Palestine).
    • The UN Security Council has 5 permanent members (winners of WWII: Russia, France, UK, USA, China) with veto power, and 15 non-permanent members.
    • The UN General Assembly debates significant topics, security, peace, and budgetary matters. The current Secretary-General is Antonio Guterres.
    • The WTO (World Trade Organization) has 166 members (with China joining in 2001), focused on international trade relations.
    • International law governs the conduct of states, international organizations, and their interactions.
    • Historically, only states had international legal personality and could bring international claims; now, intergovernmental organizations and transnational companies, and individuals are included in the framework.

    International Law

    • International law consists of rules and principles of general application, dealing with states' conduct, international organizations and the interaction between them.
    • General international law applies to a wider range of states based on customary international law and multilateral treaties.
    • Regional international law applies within a group of states (e.g., EU).
    • Particular international law applies only to a few states.
    • Harmonization of legal systems is occurring increasingly, particularly in Europe, reflecting a powerful, efficient bureaucracy.

    The International Community

    • States are sovereign and equal members of the international community.
    • International organizations (like the UN) are also considered members.
    • International law is essential for regulating state-to-state and state-to-IO relations.
    • International law (lacking a supreme authority) relies heavily on national legal systems and self-help.
    • Countermeasures (retorsions and reprisals) are tools states use to respond to international law violations by other states, which can involve the community of states as a whole.
    • Civilian populations may be affected by international conflicts.

    The EU Institutional Framework

    • The EU has several key institutions: the European Commission (executive), the European Parliament (legislative), the Council of the European Union (legislative), the European Council (executive), and the Court of Justice of the EU (judiciary).
    • The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HRVP) is the EU's Chief Diplomat. The current HRVP is Josep Borrell Fontelles.
    • The European Parliament, composed of 720 Members of European Parliament (MEPs), is directly elected by EU citizens.
    • The European Commission is an independent institution. Commissioners cannot receive instructions from member states. Commissioners are responsible for proposing legislative acts, managing the EU budget, and representing the EU in the international community.

    EU Competences

    • Allocation of competences between the EU and member states is governed by principles like subsidiarity and proportionality.
    • The Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) defines three types of competences for the EU.

    The EU Ordinary Legislative Procedure

    • The most important type of law-making procedure within the EU.
    • The procedure starts with a proposal from the European Commission.
    • The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (through 2 readings) discuss and make amendments, if necessary.
    • A conciliation committee is involved in cases of disagreement between the Parliament and the Council.

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    Business Law in the EU PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental aspects of international law, including principles, countermeasures, and the EU Customs Union. This quiz covers key concepts, important treaties, and legislation that play a significant role in the legal framework governing international relations.

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