International Law and Human Rights Quiz

<p>When it is a victim of an armed attack. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cities within a state face random acts of violence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Union law can supersede national law in certain cases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic supremacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National laws and constitutional traditions common to Member states. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Religious discrimination related to employment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articles 52-53 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EU law itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be penalized through EU sanctions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both institutional behavior and Member States' actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authority and not sovereignty passes to the occupier. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>School (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attacks must balance military advantage against civilian harm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaches including war crimes and crimes against humanity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blurred lines between international and non-international conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To call for a regional cooperative body under the UN. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong need for lasting peace and cooperation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide non-binding opinions that are mostly followed by the Court. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No court, as there is no direct appeal possible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judges communicate and persuade each other in a respectful atmosphere. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Grand Chamber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judgements must be followed by the referring national court. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sometimes interprets law in a way that fosters greater integration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A case deemed of exceptional importance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National courts serve as gatekeepers that can refer questions to the Court of Justice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A UK rule requiring specific car lights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fidelity principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of the doctrine of direct effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Must be negated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrimination in pay based on gender (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was not liable for discrimination by Sabena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>France failed to adequately protect free movement of goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new legal order with authority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing an area of freedom, security, and justice without internal borders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Article 20, §1 TFEU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proportionality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be lost under certain conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proof of employment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Article 6 Directive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requirement to be self-sufficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Caroline incident (1837) involved a British ship attacking a US ship carrying weapons for Canadian rebels. The US protested, asserting that self-defense against an attack is justified only when the attack is instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation.

The Caroline incident established a legal criteria for self-defense: It must be instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation. This means the attack needs to be imminent and unavoidable.

The UN Charter Article 51 allows states to use force in self-defense against an armed attack. However, this right is conditional and only applies when a state has been subjected to an armed attack, according to the definition of armed attack as established by international law.

In the Iran v US case, the court ruled that an attack on a ship owned by a state but not flagged by that state is not considered an attack on the state itself. The court considered the importance of a ship's flag under international law, which determines its nationality and under which state it falls for legal purposes. Therefore, an attack on an unflagged ship is not an attack on the state that owns it. This affects the applicability of Article 51 of the UN Charter.

International law is still evolving on the question of whether international terrorism can be considered an armed attack. This would be important for determining whether states can invoke Article 51 of the UN Charter to justify military actions against a terrorist group.

A situation when one state controls the territory of another state without possessing sovereignty. The occupying power has obligations to ensure order, maintain existing laws, and protect civilians.

The principle that civilians and civilian objects are not targets during armed conflict. Military action must be directed at military objectives only.

The concept that military action must be conducted only in proportion to the military advantage sought. Damage to civilian objects or casualties should be minimized.

The principle that the Geneva Conventions and other agreements on humanitarian law are the most important rules of international law.

A legal framework that governs the conduct of war and aims at protecting civilians, prisoners of war, and other vulnerable groups during armed conflict.

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European states. It was formed in 1993 when the Maastricht Treaty came into force.

The process of integrating European countries politically and economically. It began in the 1950s and has resulted in shared governance and economic cooperation.

The 1950 speech by Winston Churchill calling for a United States of Europe. This speech is considered the birthplace of the modern European Union.

The highest court in the EU legal system, where decisions are final and binding. Appeals from the General Court are heard here.

A lower EU court handling appeals from EU institutions' decisions, and certain cases involving individuals and businesses.

Judges working together towards a common goal with mutual respect and a focus on reaching accurate legal conclusions.

A legal representative of the public interest, providing non-binding opinions on cases before the Court of Justice.

The power of the national court to determine the facts and legal issues in a case, while referring specific questions of EU law to the Court of Justice for interpretation. It doesn't mean individuals can directly appeal to the Court of Justice.

The Court of Justice's power to shape and develop EU law through its judgments, leading to concerns about its influence and potential for overstepping its boundaries.

Judgments that interpret legal provisions in a way that goes beyond the plain meaning of the text, potentially influencing future legal developments. It raises concerns about judicial overreach.

A method of interpretation where legal provisions are understood in the context of the broader purpose and goals of the EU legal framework. Critics argue it may lead to biased judgments.

States have limited their sovereign rights, meaning they have given up some of their power to make decisions independently.

EU law is a new legal order. This means it has its own rules that are separate from those of national governments.

This principle means that EU law has the power to decide which activities are controlled by it and how they are controlled.

The European Union was founded on a set of core values including respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights.

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) will look at the national laws regarding fundamental rights and the constitutional traditions common to EU Member States when interpreting EU law.

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EUCFR) is a document that outlines the fundamental rights of all citizens in the EU.

In the case of Egenberger v. Evangelische Werk, the European Court of Justice ruled that the Charter of Fundamental Rights can be invoked against a private party.

The interpretations of EU law on human rights are aligned with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) whenever the rights are the same as those in the ECHR.

The EU legal system has its own authority and individuals can directly invoke EU law in national courts.

EU law can be directly invoked in national courts if it is clear, unconditional, negatively phrased, and does not require legislative action.

A principle requiring each level of the EU system to act effectively to ensure the functioning of EU law.

The EU Commission can challenge national laws that contradict EU directives, even if the national law aims to achieve similar goals but through different means.

National governments have a responsibility to protect the free movement of goods, even from actions by private individuals, by taking measures to prevent and prosecute illegal acts.

The Court ruled that France failed to adequately protect the free movement of goods by not taking sufficient measures to stop violent protests against Spanish strawberry imports.

A provision could be invoked by individuals before national courts if it was clear, unconditional, negatively phrased, and did not require legislative intervention. These criteria were subsequently relaxed.

The Defrenne v Sabena case established a legal principle that EU law can directly benefit individuals, imposing duties on national administrations to protect these rights even against private companies.

The EU is a union of 27 European countries that promotes economic and political integration, marked by freedom of movement, a single market for goods and services, and a shared currency (the Euro) in some member states.

Article 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) outlines the EU's fundamental values, including freedom, security, and justice without internal borders, a single market, and an economic and monetary union.

EU citizenship is an additional right granted to citizens of member states, ensuring they can enjoy freedoms and rights within the EU, but it does not replace national citizenship.

EU citizens have the right to move and reside freely within EU member states but must fulfill certain conditions, such as having sufficient resources and health insurance.

Citizens of EU member states can reside in another member state for up to three months without any specific requirements.

An EU citizen residing in another member state for more than three months must meet requirements such as having sufficient resources and health insurance.

EU citizens can become permanent residents of another member state after living there for five years, enjoying further rights and freedoms.

EU citizens can lose their right to reside in another member state under certain circumstances, such as becoming a threat to public order or security.