International Law and State Sovereignty
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Questions and Answers

What was a major reason for the shift in public opinion in the United States regarding the intervention in Somalia?

  • Success of earlier military interventions
  • The loss of 18 US soldiers in a conflict (correct)
  • Lack of humanitarian need in the region
  • The intervention was not authorized by the UN

    • Which action demonstrates the UN Security Council's authority in international conflict resolution?

  • Creating the INTERFET peacekeeping force
  • Imposing sanctions on North Korea
  • Signing the Geneva Convention
  • Developing Resolution 1970 regarding Libya (correct)

    • What is a significant effect of political will on international agreements, as seen in the case of Iran?

  • The political will enabled Iran to evade inspections indefinitely
  • Iran was resistant to international pressure from the start
  • A diplomatic agreement was reached to curb Iran's nuclear program (correct)
  • Political will led to prolonged sanctions without negotiation

    • What is the primary purpose of state sovereignty in the context of international engagements?

    <p>To enable countries to participate in humanitarian interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instance exemplifies the effectiveness of structured international intervention?

    <p>Peacekeeping efforts in East Timor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of President Bashir of Sudan's actions regarding international standards?

    <p>He was indicted for genocide by the ICC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Permanent Court of Arbitration determine regarding China's claims in the South China Sea?

    <p>China does not have sovereignty over the land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event highlighted the challenges faced by the UNAMID peacekeeping force in Darfur?

    <p>Sudan's government delaying the entry of peacekeepers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the U.N. Security Council's use of veto power potentially impede world order?

    <p>It allows one country to dismiss conflict resolutions unilaterally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue when nations refuse to uphold world order agreements?

    <p>It weakens the effectiveness of international law enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did experts criticize regarding the UN Mission in Darfur?

    <p>It was ineffective in protecting civilians due to sabotage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Chapter VII of the UN Charter play in enforcing world order?

    <p>It allows for military action to restore peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor most significantly influences the success of international agreements?

    <p>The political will of the nations involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is highlighted as a significant barrier to the enforcement of international law?

    <p>State sovereignty and the lack of political will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major contention of the Sudanese government regarding the peacekeeping force in Darfur?

    <p>It would violate Sudanese sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does political will play in the effectiveness of sovereign states concerning international law?

    <p>It enhances the effectiveness of enforcement actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Russia and China affect the conflict in Syria?

    <p>They used their veto power to block various resolutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action did the US and the European Union take in response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine?

    <p>They imposed sanctions on Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difficulty in justifying military intervention under the UN Charter?

    <p>Interests of member states are not at stake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caveat exists for signing international laws according to the content?

    <p>Nations should avoid reservations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable action taken by Serbia in addressing war crimes from the Balkan wars?

    <p>Arrest of Goran Hadzic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the consensual nature of international law?

    <p>States are likely to comply with international standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content imply about humanitarian interventions?

    <p>Political interests often influence their feasibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    State Sovereignty

    • State sovereignty is the principle that each state has exclusive control over its affairs.
    • It is the foundation of the international legal system.
    • The exercise of sovereignty can impede the resolution of world order issues, especially when states lack the political will to comply with international law.
    • The UN Charter can justify humanitarian intervention, but it is difficult to motivate military intervention when member states' interests are not at stake.
    • States can choose to give up some sovereignty to achieve world order and security, for example by joining the World Trade Organisation.

    International Law

    • International law is based on consent and is likely to be consistent with international standards and expectations.
    • States can be involved in the resolution of conflict by signing and ratifying treaties.
    • Examples of treaties include the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Geneva Conventions.

    The UN Security Council

    • The UN Security Council has a complex system for responding to conflict that includes:
      • Non-compulsory actions:
        - The international community was initially reluctant to get involved in the Rwandan genocide. - The UN Security Council can authorize humanitarian access to countries in conflict, like in Syria.
      • Compulsory actions: - The UN Security Council can authorize military intervention, like in Libya. - The UN Security Council can impose sanctions on countries that violate international law, like in the case of Russia and Ukraine.
    • The UN has limitations with enforcing international law.
    • Examples of these limitations include:
      • The US and Russia have repeatedly used their veto power to block resolutions concerning their own actions.
      • The UN Security Council lacks sufficient resources to effectively resolve all conflicts.
      • The UN has faced criticism for its inability to effectively protect civilians in conflict zones.

    Examples of State Sovereignty in Action

    • Serbia: Serbia was ordered by the UN to arrest Goran Hadzic, a fugitive from the Balkan Wars. Serbia complied.
    • Sudan: Sudan rejected a UN Security Council resolution to authorize a peacekeeping force in Darfur, claiming it would violate Sudanese sovereignty. Sudan refused to cooperate with the International Criminal Court (ICC) and surrender President Bashir, who was indicted for genocide.
    • Syria: Syria has agreed to cooperate with the UN Security Council and allow humanitarian access to the country. However, Syria has often denied access to groups that are critical of the government.
    • Ukraine: Russia invaded Ukraine, violating Ukrainian sovereignty. The UN Security Council responded by condemning Russia's actions, but Russia used its veto to block any further action.

    How State Sovereignty Affects World Order

    • State sovereignty can impede world order by:
      • Providing cover for countries to violate international law without fear of consequences.
      • Making it difficult to enforce international law.
      • Creating a situation where states can use their veto power to block action on issues of global concern.
    • State sovereignty can support and assist world order by:
      • Providing a framework for cooperation and conflict resolution between states.
      • Enabling states to work together to address global threats and challenges.
      • Giving states the power to respond to crises.

    Overriding State Sovereignty

    • The UN Security Council has the power to override state sovereignty in certain circumstances, including:
      • When a state is committing genocide or other crimes against humanity.
      • When a state poses a threat to international peace and security.
      • When needed to ensure that humanitarian assistance can reach those in need.
    • The UN Security Council is authorized to act under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.

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    Notes on Option 2 - World Order (Neilab Osman) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of state sovereignty and international law, focusing on their roles in the global legal system. It examines how states exercise sovereignty, the implications for world order, and the function of treaties and the UN Security Council in resolving conflicts. Test your knowledge on these critical topics that shape international relations.

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