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Questions and Answers

What is VmHRV?

  • A measure of cognitive processing capacity
  • Calculated using the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram algorithm
  • A measure of respiratory parameters
  • Calculated from spectral analysis in the high frequency band (correct)

    • Which parameter is used for assessing longitudinal change on a minute-to-minute basis?

  • Task Force
  • PRT
  • HF-HRV
  • RMSSD (correct)

    • How long does each trial of the Pattern Recognition Task (PRT) last?

  • 15 s
  • 5 s
  • 10 s
  • 11 s (correct)

    • How is higher VmHRV related to cardiac health?

    <p>Indicating parasympathetic activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VmHRV reflect in terms of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Variability in inter-beat intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure was used during the stress phase to elicit a stress response?

    <p>PRT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of low VmHRV?

    <p>Impaired stress reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely purpose of including the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQP) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-P) as predictor variables in the regression analyses?

    <p>To assess the impact of psychological factors on VmHRV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to polyvagal theory, what is the link between VmHRV and social health?

    <p>Higher VmHRV is linked to positive social functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VmHRV adjustment for respiratory parameters involve?

    <p>Removing the influences of respiration on heart rate variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does VmHRV affect cognitive processing capacity?

    <p>Increases cognitive processing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between RMSSD and HF-HRV?

    <p>They are strongly correlated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component was included in the regression analysis involving ln(RMSSD) * 100 and meaning in life?

    <p>MLQ-P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VmHRV adjustment for respiratory parameters involve?

    <p>Respiration and cognitive processing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model suggests that VmHRV is associated with self-regulation of the central autonomic network?

    <p>Neurovisceral Integration Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is VmHRV recovery in individuals with higher MIL affected in an 'active' MM condition compared to a 'control' MM condition?

    <p>Faster in the 'active' MM condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between VmHRV and executive functioning based on the information provided?

    <p>Higher VmHRV is linked to higher executive functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neural regions are involved in the functional connectivity reflected by VmHRV according to the text?

    <p>Prefrontal cortical regions (PFC) and subcortical regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the CAN output impact VmHRV according to the text?

    <p>It reflects the functional connectivity between PFC and subcortical regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neural origin of respiration and VmHRV relationship?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the component-plus-residual plots mentioned in the text?

    <p>To visualize the relationship between the fitted values and residuals of the regression model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of adjusting for respiratory parameters when analyzing VmHRV?

    <p>To account for the influence of respiration on heart rate variability, as respiration is a known modulator of cardiac autonomic function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between respiration and VmHRV?

    <p>Respiration influences VmHRV through its modulation of cardiac autonomic function, and VmHRV can, in turn, influence respiratory patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Pattern Recognition Task (PRT) in the study?

    <p>To measure cognitive processing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what is the likely goal of the study described in the text?

    <p>To explore the role of psychological factors in modulating VmHRV while accounting for respiratory influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables is likely to be the outcome variable in the regression analyses presented in Tables 2 and 3?

    <p>RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does meaning in life (MIL) relate to stress-regulation and the Pattern Recognition Task (PRT)?

    <p>Higher MIL is proposed to buffer adverse life stress and enhance self-regulation by facilitating coherent organization of goals and stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neural origin of the relationship between respiration and VmHRV?

    <p>The neural origins of respiration and VmHRV are not explicitly discussed in the provided text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cognitive processing capacity relate to the analysis of VmHRV and respiration?

    <p>The text does not provide information about the role of cognitive processing capacity in the analysis of VmHRV and respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what is the likely purpose of including respiration as a predictor variable in the regression analyses?

    <p>To account for the potential influence of respiration on vagally-mediated heart rate variability (VmHRV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there an ongoing debate about whether VmHRV should be adjusted for respiratory parameters?

    <p>To evaluate VmHRV accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the information provided to participants regarding task performance before starting the Pattern Recognition Task (PRT)?

    <p>Average score of 80% with average response time of 2 s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one argument presented against adjusting VmHRV for respiratory parameters?

    <p>It eliminates important individual differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the action expected from the participants upon presentation of the 5th character in the Pattern Recognition Task (PRT)?

    <p>Press the right arrow key for 'False'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback was displayed on the screen immediately after participants responded in the Pattern Recognition Task (PRT)?

    <p>Right choice (50% of the time)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some researchers argue that VmHRV should not be adjusted for respiratory parameters?

    <p>To remove the influence from a common genetic-neural origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was displayed on the screen along with 'Right Answer' or 'Wrong Answer' in the Pattern Recognition Task (PRT)?

    <p>'Correct' and 'Incorrect' responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the regression analysis reveal regarding the relationship between Meaning in Life (MIL) and vagally-mediated heart rate variability (VmHRV) at baseline?

    <p>A quadratic relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions was the MIL linked to greater stress-reactivity according to the study?

    <p>Stressor conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological process was specifically examined in relation to higher Meaning in Life (MIL) in the study?

    <p>Heart rate variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what conditions were phasic changes in vagally-mediated heart rate variability (VmHRV) analyzed as a function of Meaning in Life (MIL)?

    <p>Resting and stressor conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the mixed models indicate about the relationship between higher Meaning in Life (MIL) and stress attenuation?

    <p>No impact on stress attenuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Study Design and Participants

    • The study was approved by the Human Participants Review Committee at York University
    • Sample size estimation: N = 52 for medium to large effect size with a power of 0.80
    • Assuming 20% drop-out rate, N = 65 was the target sample size
    • Participants were recruited from an undergraduate research pool, aged 17-27 years old

    Meaning in Life (MIL) and Stress Regulation

    • MIL buffers adverse life stress and improves self-regulation
    • Higher MIL leads to better attitudes towards stressors, making them less random and more comprehensible
    • Enhanced MIL experience reduces stress-reactivity by providing a framework for prioritizing daily stressors
    • MIL and social connectedness likely interact in cycles where close relationships elevate MIL and elevated MIL promotes social bonding

    Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Health

    • HRV measures functional balance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
    • Vagally-mediated heart rate variability (VmHRV) reflects variability in inter-beat intervals and provides a measure of parasympathetic activation
    • Higher VmHRV indicates cardiac health, reflecting adaptive and efficient ANS responses to external stimuli
    • Low VmHRV signals autonomic inflexibility and dysregulation linked to impaired stress reactivity, distress, and disease risk

    Methodology

    • VmHRV was acquired using a 3-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) configuration
    • ECG signals were digitized at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz using a PowerLab 4/35 acquisition system
    • Digitized signals were recorded and analyzed using LabChart 8 software
    • Prior to analysis, all ECG recordings were visually inspected for artifacts, arrhythmias, and ectopic beats, and manually adjusted if necessary

    Measures

    • VmHRV was calculated from spectral analysis in the high frequency band (0.15–0.40 Hz [HF-HRV]) using the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram algorithm
    • RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats) was used as a measure of VmHRV
    • Meaning in Life Questionnaire - Presence of meaning subscale (MLQ-P) was used to assess MIL
    • Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Positive affect (PANAS-P) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to assess psychological variables

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    Related Documents

    Dang et al. (2021) PDF - Meaning in Life & Heart Rate Variability

    Description

    Explore an overview of VmHRV measures RMSSD and HF-HRV in the context of psychophysiology research. Learn about their strong correlation and significance as preferred measures of VmHRV. Dive into the cross-sectional analyses based on 5-min measurements of RMSSD and HF-HRV.

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