International Human Rights Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR)?

  • To outline fundamental human rights
  • To eliminate racial discrimination
  • To protect human rights in the Americas (correct)
  • To promote economic and social rights

    • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted in 1974.

    False

    What treaty commits signatory states to respect civil and political rights?

    International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

    The ______ mandates states to take action against racial discrimination.

    <p>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following treaties to their main objectives:

    <p>ACHR = Protection of human rights in the Americas CERD = Elimination of racial discrimination UDHR = Universal protection of fundamental human rights ICESCR = Guarantee of economic, social, and cultural rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following rights is not protected under the ICCPR?

    <p>Right to education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ICESCR obligates states to progressively achieve economic, social, and cultural rights.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the supreme law of the land in Jamaica?

    <p>The Constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch influences the independent judiciary?

    <p>Neither</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The House of Representatives in Jamaica is appointed by the Prime Minister.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do constitutional amendments in Jamaica require for a change?

    <p>A special majority in Parliament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Jamaica, the Senate is appointed by the Prime Minister and the _____ of the Opposition.

    <p>Leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the legal systems with their descriptions:

    <p>Common Law = Developed by judges through court decisions Civil Law = Based primarily on codified laws or statutes Judicial Review = Determines constitutionality of laws and actions Constitutional Amendments = Process requiring a special majority in Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following rights does the Constitution protect?

    <p>Rights of all citizens, including minority groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Judicial review allows courts to assess whether international treaties are constitutional.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen for international treaties to become part of the domestic legal system in Jamaica?

    <p>They must be ratified by Parliament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following rights does CEDAW specifically promote?

    <p>Women's equal rights in education and employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms was amended in 2005.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women aim to eliminate?

    <p>Discrimination against women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ prohibits racial discrimination in all its forms.

    <p>American Convention on Human Rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following provisions to the relevant treaties:

    <p>Prohibits discrimination against women = CEDAW Criminalizes incitement to racial hatred = American Convention on Human Rights Supports equal representation of women in government = CEDAW Provides for equal access to justice = American Convention on Human Rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason some countries, like Jamaica and Grenada, may not transition to the CCJ?

    <p>Public resistance to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Privy Council is geographically and politically distant from Caribbean affairs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental rights are protected under Jamaica's Constitution?

    <p>Freedom of speech, right to a fair trial, freedom from discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jamaica has had a de facto moratorium on executions since _____ due to lengthy appeals.

    <p>1988</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>CCJ = Caribbean Court of Justice JCPC = Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Human Rights = Fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution Death Penalty = Capital punishment retained for certain crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern is raised regarding the CCJ compared to the Privy Council?

    <p>Political interference and regional bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is unanimous public support for the death penalty in Jamaica.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What socio-economic factors pose hurdles to the realization of human rights in Jamaica?

    <p>Police brutality, poverty, gender-based violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of clientelism in political culture?

    <p>Exchange of material goods for political support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patronage is based solely on qualifications and competition for government positions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one leader in Jamaica known for their charismatic leadership.

    <p>Michael Manley or Edward Seaga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Jamaica, ______ communities epitomize the dynamics of clientelism, where political loyalty is tied to tangible benefits.

    <p>garrison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts to their descriptions:

    <p>Clientelism = Political support exchanged for material benefits Patronage = Allocation of government benefits to loyal supporters Charismatic Leadership = Support driven by a leader's personality Garrison Community = Area where political loyalty is tied to benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the case Charles Matthew v The State regarding the mandatory death penalty?

    <p>The death penalty was upheld due to the savings clause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The savings clause allows for the challenge of any law in force before a constitution was enacted.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rights did Charles Matthew argue were violated by the mandatory death penalty?

    <p>Right to life and freedom from inhuman or degrading punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ clause protects laws that were enacted before the Constitution from constitutional challenges.

    <p>savings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Boyce and Joseph v The Queen, how did the Privy Council rule regarding the mandatory death penalty in Barbados?

    <p>It upheld the death penalty under the savings clause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The savings clause can be used to justify outdated laws that contradict modern human rights standards.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Privy Council's ruling in the Charles Matthew case signify about the savings clause?

    <p>It reinforced the savings clause's power and immunity for pre-existing laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cases with their respective details regarding mandatory death penalty rulings:

    <p>Charles Matthew v The State = Trinidad and Tobago, upheld by savings clause Boyce and Joseph v The Queen = Barbados, upheld by savings clause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    FOUN1301: Law, Governance, Economy and Society in the Caribbean

    • This course examines law, governance, economy, and society within the Caribbean.

    Module 1: Law

    • What is Law?
      • A system of rules and regulations governing society.
      • Enforced by legal institutions (courts, security forces, parliament).
      • Binding on all members of society.
      • Outlines acceptable behaviors and consequences.
      • Regulates individuals, property, and behavior.
    • Importance of Laws
      • Maintain social order and stability.
      • Regulate human interaction.
      • Enforce moral values, beliefs, and norms.
      • Define the economic, social, and political environment.
      • Enhance predictability.
      • Promote orderly social change.
      • Protect individual rights, identify wrongdoers, and redress wrongs.
      • Prescribe sanctions for violations.
    • Where do laws originate?
      • Natural Law Theory: Laws are based on fundamental moral principles.
      • Positive Law Theory: Laws are enacted by authorities.

    Module 1: Law - Legal Systems/Legal Terms

    • Criminal Law: Deals with actions considered crimes against the state/crown.
    • Civil Law: Deals with disputes between individuals or parties. Aims on compensation rather than punishment.
    • Stare Decisis: Courts follow previous rulings in similar cases (judicial precedent).
    • Habeas Corpus: Legal right/process that protects against unlawful detention.
    • Nolle Prosequi: Prosecutor's formal declaration to stop pursuing charges in a case.
    • A fortiori: If something less certain is true, then something more certain must also be true.
    • Actus Reus: The guilty act or criminal action.
    • Mens Rea: The guilty mind (criminal intent/knowledge).
    • Onus Probandi: Burden of proof in a legal case.
    • International Law: Rules and principles governing relationships between states.
    • Historical Sources: Common law, equity, customary law.
    • Legal Sources: Constitution, legislation, and custom.

    Module 1: Law - Specific Key International Legal Bodies/Instruments

    • BYIL (British Yearbook of International Law): Prestigious publication analyzing international law developments.
    • ICC (International Criminal Court): Permanent international tribunal prosecuting genocide, war crimes, and more.
    • IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights): Promotes and protects human rights in the Americas.
    • JCPC (Judicial Committee of the Privy Council): Final appellate court for some Commonwealth countries.
    • ICJ (International Court of Justice): Principal judicial organ of the UN for international legal disputes.
    • CERD (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination): UN treaty encouraging racial equality.
    • UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights): Fundamental human rights document impacting international law.
    • ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights): UN treaty addressing civil and political rights.
    • ICESCR (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights): UN treaty addressing economic, social, and cultural rights.

    Module 2: Governance

    • Political Culture: Attitudes, beliefs, and values people hold toward politics, government, and their roles.
    • Political Participation: How citizens engage in the political process (voting, advocacy, etc).

    Module 2: Governance - Types of political culture

    • Participant: Citizens actively engage in political processes.

    • Subject: Citizens are aware of the political system and obey laws, without actively engaging policies

    • Parochial: Citizens focus on local issues, rather than national affairs.

    Module 3: Economy

    • CDB: Caribbean Development Bank.
    • FDI: Foreign Direct Investment.
    • CARICOM: Caribbean Community.
    • OECS: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States.
    • IMF: International Monetary Fund.
    • OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
    • WTO: World Trade Organization.
    • GDP: Gross Domestic Product.
    • GNP: Gross National Product.

    Module 4: Society

    • Decriminalization/Legalization: Process for changing laws/rules/regulations related to a particular issue from punishable to permitted/legal.
    • Marijuana: Controversial issue with varying perspectives on legalization, use, and impact, considering both economic and social ramifications.
    • Legal/Ethical Implications: Legal frameworks, constitutional implications of legal changes and/or implications of existing and/or proposed policies impacting society.

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    FOUN1301 Law, Governance, Economy and Society in the Caribbean Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on international human rights treaties, their objectives, and the protections they offer. This quiz covers key conventions such as the ACHR and ICCPR, as well as legal systems and the constitution of Jamaica. Challenge yourself with questions on civil rights, social rights, and more.

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