60 Questions
What is the main goal of the PRC's verbal communication with Taiwan?
To emphasize the shared Han Chinese ethnic identity between Taiwan and the mainland
What is the primary source of persistence in the Taiwan con ct?
Prolonged verbal contest
Which event marked the beginning of Japanese rule in Taiwan?
1895
What is the name of the news agency used by the PRC to distribute propaganda in Taiwan?
Xinhua
What is the PRC's condition for Taiwan's attempt to acquire?
Nuclear weapons
Which Chinese leader ruled Taiwan from 1949 to 1988?
Chiang Kai-shek
What is the term used to describe the PRC's threat to use violence in the Taiwan con ct?
Ultimatum
What is the term used to describe the sentiment of Taiwanese elites promoting Taiwan's independence and distinct identity?
Taiwan Sentiment
What is the primary issue of contention between the PRC and the ROC in the Taiwan con ct?
Regime legitimacy
What is the third party mentioned in the PRC's conditions for using violence in the Taiwan con ct?
United States
What was the outcome of the Chinese civil war in 1949?
The Communist Party took control of mainland China
Which party was expelled to the island of Taiwan in 1949?
The Nationalist Party (Kuomintang)
What is the name of the conflict being described in the passage?
Taiwan Strait Conflict
When was the People's Republic of China (PRC) proclaimed?
October 1, 1949
What is the name of the party that won the Chinese civil war in 1949?
Communist Party of China
Where did the PRC bombard in 1954?
Quemoy and Matsu islands
What was the outcome of the Taiwan Strait I crisis?
The crisis ended with a negotiation offer by the PRC Premier
What was the response of the ROC to the PRC's bombardment of Quemoy and Matsu in 1954?
It responded with air strikes on the mainland
When did the Taiwan Strait II crisis occur?
July 17–October 23, 1958
What was the significance of the date December 2, 1954?
The USA and the ROC signed a Mutual Defense Pact
What is the significance of the shared Han Chinese ethnic identity in the PRC's verbal communication with Taiwan?
To create a sense of shared cultural heritage and national unity
What is the historical context of the 'Taiwan Sentiment' promoted by Taiwanese elites?
The Japanese colonization of Taiwan from 1895 to 1945
What is the primary role of Xinhua, the PRC's principal state news agency, in the context of the Taiwan conflict?
To distribute propaganda and promote the PRC's interests in Taiwan
What is the significance of the year 1949 in the context of the Taiwan conflict?
The year the PRC was established, marking the beginning of the Taiwan conflict
What is the underlying objective of the PRC's verbal communication with Taiwan, as described in the passage?
To sustain the protracted conflict and maintain the status quo
What is the name of the island where the forces of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) were expelled to in 1949?
Taiwan
What was the outcome of the Chinese civil war in 1949?
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) won the war.
What is the name of the entity proclaimed on October 1, 1949?
People's Republic of China (PRC)
What is the common goal shared by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC)?
To control the entire territory of One China.
What is the name of the international actor mentioned as a third party in the Taiwan con ict?
United States
What is the main reason behind the PRC's threat to use violence in the Taiwan con ct?
To protect its sovereignty over Taiwan
What is the primary point of contention between the PRC and the ROC in the Taiwan con ct?
The meaning of 'One China'
What is the significance of the PRC's five conditions for using violence in the Taiwan con ct?
They serve as an ultimatum on the limits of acceptable behavior by Taiwan
What is the context in which the PRC and the ROC engage in verbal hostility?
A struggle for regime legitimacy in representing 'China'
What is the primary purpose of the PRC's verbal hostility towards Taiwan?
To deter Taiwan from seeking independence
What is the name of the islands that the PRC bombarded in 1954, which were held by the ROC?
Quemoy and Matsu
In what year did the PRC Premier, Zhou Enlai, offer to negotiate a resolution to the Taiwan Strait crisis?
1955
What is the term used to describe the sentiment of Taiwanese people who are attracted to the idea of a distinct Taiwanese identity?
Taiwan Sentiment
What was the response of the ROC to the PRC's bombardment of Quemoy and Matsu in 1954?
The ROC responded with air strikes on the mainland
How many times did the actual resort to violence occur between the PRC and the ROC during the near-7 decades of conflict?
Only in the first three Taiwan crises
How does the PRC's emphasis on the shared Han Chinese ethnic identity in its verbal communication with Taiwan serve to sustain the protracted conflict?
It serves to sustain the protracted conflict by framing the PRC's goal as a unification of 'One China' rather than a conquest, thereby making it more appealing to the Taiwanese population.
What historical events are invoked by Taiwanese elites to promote a distinct Taiwanese identity?
The historical events invoked include Taiwan's long history of foreign rule, including the 'Middle Kingdom,' the Netherlands, Japan, and the oppression of the mainland's Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek.
What role does propaganda play in the conflict between the PRC and Taiwan?
Propaganda is used by the PRC to distribute leaflets in Taiwan, emphasizing the shared Han Chinese ethnic identity and promoting 'One China,' while Taiwanese elites use propaganda to promote a distinct Taiwanese identity.
How does the PRC's use of propaganda and collective memory in its verbal communication with Taiwan contribute to the prolongation of the conflict?
The PRC's use of propaganda and collective memory contributes to the prolongation of the conflict by creating a sense of shared identity and destiny, making it more difficult for Taiwan to assert its independence.
What is the significance of the 'Taiwan Sentiment' in the context of the conflict between the PRC and Taiwan?
The 'Taiwan Sentiment' is a sentiment promoted by Taiwanese elites that emphasizes Taiwan's distinct history, culture, and identity, and is used to promote Taiwan's independence and separation from the mainland.
What is the geographical location where the forces of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) were expelled to in 1949?
the island of Taiwan
What is the date of the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the expulsion of the Kuomintang forces to Taiwan?
October 1, 1949
What is the common goal shared by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) in the Taiwan Strait conflict?
control of Taiwan
What is the name of the party that won the Chinese civil war in 1949?
the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
What is the international actor mentioned as a third party in the Taiwan conflict?
the United States
What is the primary reason behind the PRC's threat to use violence in the Taiwan con ct, as stated in the passage?
The PRC's threat to use violence in the Taiwan con ct is based on five specific conditions, including Taiwan's declaration of independence, political chaos within Taiwan, Taiwan's attempt to acquire nuclear weapons, its long-term refusal to negotiate the cross-border relationship, and an attempt by a third party to resolve this con ct by unilateral acts.
What is the nature of the con ct between the PRC and the ROC, as described in the passage?
The con ct between the PRC and the ROC is a prolonged, con ctive verbal contest, with verbal hostility being a major source of persistence.
What is the significance of the third party mentioned in the PRC's conditions for using violence in the Taiwan con ct?
The third party mentioned is the USA, which would attempt to resolve the con ct by unilateral acts.
What is the primary issue of contention between the PRC and the ROC in the Taiwan con ct, as described in the passage?
The primary issue of contention is the meaning of 'One China', regime legitimacy in representing 'China', the legal status of Taiwan, and the correct relations between the two claimants to the designation 'China'.
What is the significance of the PRC's five conditions for using violence in the Taiwan con ct, as stated in the passage?
The PRC's five conditions serve as an ultimatum on the limits of acceptable behavior by Taiwan, and any violation of these conditions would lead to the use of violence.
What is the significance of the Taiwan Strait in the context of the conflict between the PRC and the ROC?
The Taiwan Strait is a geographical location that has been a site of conflict and tension between the PRC and the ROC, with several crises occurring in the region, including the Taiwan Strait I and II crises.
What is the historical context of the Taiwan conflict, and what event marked the beginning of the conflict?
The historical context of the Taiwan conflict is the Chinese civil war in 1949, which led to the expulsion of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) to the island of Taiwan, and the event that marked the beginning of the conflict is the PRC's bombardment of Quemoy and Matsu in 1954.
What is the primary reason behind the PRC's use of propaganda and verbal hostility towards Taiwan?
The primary reason behind the PRC's use of propaganda and verbal hostility towards Taiwan is to promote the idea of a unified 'Middle Kingdom' and to attract Taiwan to the mainland's orbit.
What is the significance of the Mutual Defense Pact signed between the USA and the ROC in 1954?
The Mutual Defense Pact signed between the USA and the ROC in 1954 is significant because it marked a commitment by the USA to defend Taiwan against any potential aggression from the PRC.
How has the conflict between the PRC and the ROC evolved over time, and what has been the frequency of violence in the conflict?
The conflict between the PRC and the ROC has evolved over time from a hot conflict to a cold conflict, with sporadic outbreaks of violence, particularly in the early years of the conflict, but the actual resort to violence has been very infrequent, occurring only in the first three Taiwan crises.
Study Notes
Taiwan Strait Conflict (Unresolved)
- The conflict is a pervasive conct-sustaining act by the People's Republic of China (PRC) with a profound influence on the behavior of the two principal adversaries.
- The PRC and Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC) are the two main adversaries, with the United States also involved.
Propaganda and Collective Memory
- The PRC used propaganda to emphasize the shared Han Chinese ethnic identity between Taiwan and the mainland, their ancestral and cultural antecedents, and their shared interest in restoring China's status among nations.
- Xinhua, the PRC's principal state news agency, distributed leaflets in Taiwan to promote a sense of shared identity and cultural heritage.
- In response, Taiwan promoted a "Taiwan Sentiment" that emphasized its long history of foreign rule, including the "Middle Kingdom," the Netherlands, Japan, and the oppression of the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek.
Verbal Hostility
- Verbal hostility was a major source of persistence in the conflict, with the PRC and ROC engaging in verbal jousting over the meaning of "One China," regime legitimacy, and the legal status of Taiwan.
- The PRC set five conditions under which it would resort to violence: Taiwan's declaration of independence, political chaos in Taiwan, Taiwan's attempt to acquire nuclear weapons, its long-term refusal to negotiate the cross-border relationship, and an attempt by a third party (the USA) to resolve the conflict unilaterally.
Taiwan Strait Conflict Timeline
- Taiwan Strait I (early August 1954–April 23, 1955): The PRC bombarded Nationalist-held islands, Quemoy and Matsu, and the ROC responded with air strikes on the mainland.
- Taiwan Strait II (July 17–October 23, 1958): The violence began with a PRC bombardment of Quemoy and Matsu.
Key Events and Decisions
- The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) triumphed in China's civil war and proclaimed the PRC on October 1, 1949, while the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) was expelled to Taiwan, where it proclaimed the ROC on December 8, 1949.
- The initial decisions of the "two Chinas" reactivated the struggle for control of Taiwan, which both contenders agreed was an integral part of One China.
Violence and Threats
- Violence occurred spasmodically during the near-7 decades of conflict, with the actual resort to violence being infrequent – only in the first three Taiwan crises.
- Threats of violence occurred, notably in the fourth Taiwan Crisis (1995–1996), with a dramatic "show of force" by PRC naval and missile power.
This quiz assesses your understanding of interstate conflicts, including the use of verbal behavior and propaganda in sustaining conflicts. It explores the role of collective memory and ethnic/national kin groups in shaping conflict dynamics. Test your knowledge of conflict resolution strategies and tactics.
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